SPARC

difficulty_level int64 1 5	difficulty_score float64 0.06 5	grid_size dict	id stringlengths 14 16	polyshapes stringlengths 2 343	puzzle_array listlengths 5 13	solution_count int64 1 50	solutions listlengths 1 50	text_visualization stringlengths 233 2.01k
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3	2.534064	{ "height": 4, "width": 4 }	88a9b0e07ea4a1fd	{"48":[[0,1,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]],"5952":[[0,0,1,1],[0,0,1,0],[0,1,1,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "S", ".", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", ...	1	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0 }, { "x": 1, "y": 0 }, { "x": 2, "y": 0 }, { "x": 3, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 0 }, { "x": 5, "y": 0 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 4 height: 4 start: x: 0 y: 0 end: x: 8 y: 6 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 0 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 3 y: 7 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 5952 color: "green" - position: x: 4 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 3 properties: type: "star" color: "green" - position: x: 7 y: 5 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 48 color: "green" - position: x: 8 y: 5 properties: dot: 1
4	3.284789	{ "height": 2, "width": 5 }	df60fe92f6b45f06	{"4400":[[0,1,1,1],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", ".", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "P-K-4400", "+", "N", "+", "o-K", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", ".", "+", ...	1	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 9, "y": 4 }, { "x": 8, "y": 4 }, { "x": 7, "y": 4 }, { "x": 6, "y": 4 }, { "x": 6, "y": 3 }, { "x": 6, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 5 height: 2 start: x: 9 y: 4 end: x: 2 y: 4 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 4 y: 3 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 1 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 4400 color: "black" - position: x: 7 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 7 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 8 y: 2 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 9 y: 0 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 9 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 9 y: 3 properties: type: "star" color: "black"
3	2.918903	{ "height": 3, "width": 5 }	e9acffc5b904968c	{"9008":[[0,1,1,0],[0,1,1,1],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "o-P", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", ".", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ...	14	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 10, "y": 6 }, { "x": 9, "y": 6 }, { "x": 8, "y": 6 }, { "x": 8, "y": 5 }, { "x": 8, "y": 4 }, { "x": 9, "y": 4 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 5 height: 3 start: x: 10 y: 6 end: x: 7 y: 6 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 2 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 4 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 4 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 5 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 9008 color: "purple" - position: x: 5 y: 6 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "purple" - position: x: 7 y: 4 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "purple"
5	4.027566	{ "height": 6, "width": 2 }	9190cef9530b333b	{"16":[[0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]],"1856":[[0,0,1,0],[0,0,1,0],[0,1,1,0],[0,0,0,0]],"304":[[0,1,1,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]],"368":[[0,1,1,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "+", "+", "E", "S", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "P-P-304", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "*-B", "+", "P-P-16", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "." ], [ "+", "N", "+", "o-O"...	2	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 3, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 1 }, { "x": 4, "y": 2 }, { "x": 3, "y": 2 }, { "x": 2, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 6 start: x: 3 y: 0 end: x: 2 y: 0 cells: - position: x: 0 y: 11 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 3 properties: type: "star" color: "blue" - position: x: 1 y: 9 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 368 color: "blue" - position: x: 1 y: 11 properties: type: "star" color: "orange" - position: x: 3 y: 1 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 304 color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 16 color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "orange" - position: x: 3 y: 7 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 1856 color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 9 properties: type: "star" color: "orange" - position: x: 4 y: 4 properties: dot: 1
2	1.471619	{ "height": 2, "width": 5 }	ed9833ff4e746ac4	{"4368":[[0,1,1,1],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "E", "+", ".", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "o-P", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ...	1	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 7, "y": 4 }, { "x": 6, "y": 4 }, { "x": 5, "y": 4 }, { "x": 4, "y": 4 }, { "x": 3, "y": 4 }, { "x": 2, "y": 4 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 5 height: 2 start: x: 7 y: 4 end: x: 5 y: 0 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "purple" - position: x: 2 y: 3 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 3 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 4368 color: "red" - position: x: 6 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 0 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "red" - position: x: 10 y: 3 properties: dot: 1
4	3.745606	{ "height": 6, "width": 2 }	143e1798cc76ad73	{"816":[[0,1,1,0],[0,1,1,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "o-K", "+", "o-K", "+" ], [ "E", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "A-K", "+", "P-P-816", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "o-Y", "+", "N",...	2	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 4, "y": 12 }, { "x": 3, "y": 12 }, { "x": 2, "y": 12 }, { "x": 2, "y": 11 }, { "x": 2, "y": 10 }, { "x": 2, "y": 9 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 6 start: x: 4 y: 12 end: x: 0 y: 2 cells: - position: x: 0 y: 11 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 1 y: 3 properties: type: "triangle" count: 1 color: "black" - position: x: 1 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "yellow" - position: x: 1 y: 10 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 12 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 3 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "poly" polyshape: 816 color: "purple" - position: x: 3 y: 7 properties: type: "square" color: "orange" - position: x: 3 y: 9 properties: type: "square" color: "purple" - position: x: 4 y: 5 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 4 y: 9 properties: gap: 1
1	0.055282	{ "height": 2, "width": 2 }	48471868e02d5906	{}	[ [ "S", "+", "+", "G", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "G" ], [ "E", "G", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "G" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ] ]	2	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 0, "y": 0 }, { "x": 1, "y": 0 }, { "x": 2, "y": 0 }, { "x": 2, "y": 1 }, { "x": 2, "y": 2 }, { "x": 2, "y": 3 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 2 start: x: 0 y: 0 end: x: 0 y: 2 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 2 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 3 y: 0 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 4 y: 1 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 4 y: 3 properties: gap: 1
2	1.801448	{ "height": 3, "width": 5 }	b7b3aa1bcf7d8eec	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", ".", "+", "S", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", ".", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", ".", "+" ...	12	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 9, "y": 0 }, { "x": 8, "y": 0 }, { "x": 7, "y": 0 }, { "x": 6, "y": 0 }, { "x": 5, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 0 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 5 height: 3 start: x: 9 y: 0 end: x: 10 y: 6 cells: - position: x: 0 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 3 y: 2 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "yellow" - position: x: 4 y: 6 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "blue" - position: x: 7 y: 0 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "green" - position: x: 9 y: 2 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 10 y: 3 properties: dot: 1
5	4.133464	{ "height": 4, "width": 5 }	eb4976722ea94488	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "S", "G", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "*-Y", "+", "N", "+", "N", ".", "o-W", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "....	24	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 6, "y": 0 }, { "x": 6, "y": 1 }, { "x": 6, "y": 2 }, { "x": 7, "y": 2 }, { "x": 8, "y": 2 }, { "x": 9, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 5 height: 4 start: x: 6 y: 0 end: x: 9 y: 8 cells: - position: x: 0 y: 4 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "star" color: "yellow" - position: x: 1 y: 3 properties: type: "star" color: "white" - position: x: 1 y: 7 properties: type: "square" color: "yellow" - position: x: 4 y: 5 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 5 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "yellow" - position: x: 5 y: 5 properties: type: "square" color: "white" - position: x: 6 y: 1 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 0 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "white" - position: x: 8 y: 7 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 9 y: 7 properties: type: "square" color: "yellow" - position: x: 10 y: 2 properties: dot: 1
2	1.471619	{ "height": 5, "width": 2 }	6f95ce1555767482	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "S", "D-B", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "*-B", "+", "B-B", "+"...	7	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 0, "y": 1 }, { "x": 0, "y": 0 }, { "x": 1, "y": 0 }, { "x": 2, "y": 0 }, { "x": 2, "y": 1 }, { "x": 2, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 5 start: x: 0 y: 1 end: x: 0 y: 6 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "triangle" count: 4 color: "blue" - position: x: 1 y: 5 properties: type: "star" color: "blue" - position: x: 3 y: 5 properties: type: "triangle" count: 2 color: "blue"
1	0.750443	{ "height": 2, "width": 2 }	94710b3215353a89	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "S", "." ], [ "+", "o-K", "+", "o-K", "+" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "o-K", "+" ], [ "+", "E", "+", "+", "+" ] ]	6	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 3, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 1 }, { "x": 4, "y": 2 }, { "x": 3, "y": 2 }, { "x": 2, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 2 start: x: 3 y: 0 end: x: 1 y: 4 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 3 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "square" color: "black" - position: x: 4 y: 0 properties: dot: 1
2	1.774888	{ "height": 2, "width": 6 }	a7a261e9f33d777b	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "S", "A-R", "+", "N", "+", "N", "+", "o-R", "+", "o-G", "+", "N", "+" ], [ "+", "G", ".", "+", "+", "+", ...	9	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 0, "y": 1 }, { "x": 0, "y": 2 }, { "x": 0, "y": 3 }, { "x": 0, "y": 4 }, { "x": 1, "y": 4 }, { "x": 2, "y": 4 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 6 height: 2 start: x: 0 y: 1 end: x: 12 y: 2 cells: - position: x: 1 y: 1 properties: type: "triangle" count: 1 color: "red" - position: x: 1 y: 2 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 2 y: 2 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 7 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "red" - position: x: 9 y: 1 properties: type: "square" color: "green" - position: x: 10 y: 3 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 12 y: 4 properties: dot: 1
3	2.872526	{ "height": 5, "width": 2 }	e79e3a75c6bd1f0e	{}	[ [ "+", "+", "+", "S", "+" ], [ "+", "N", "+", "D-Y", "+" ], [ "+", "G", "+", "+", "+" ], [ ".", "N", "+", "A-O", "G" ], [ "+", "+", "+", "+", "+" ], [ "+", "B-Y", "+", "*-Y", "...	4	[ { "index": 0, "path": [ { "x": 3, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 0 }, { "x": 4, "y": 1 }, { "x": 4, "y": 2 }, { "x": 3, "y": 2 }, { "x": 2, "y": 2 ...	puzzle: dimensions: width: 2 height: 5 start: x: 3 y: 0 end: x: 1 y: 10 cells: - position: x: 0 y: 3 properties: dot: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 2 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 1 y: 5 properties: type: "triangle" count: 2 color: "yellow" - position: x: 1 y: 7 properties: type: "square" color: "orange" - position: x: 3 y: 1 properties: type: "triangle" count: 4 color: "yellow" - position: x: 3 y: 3 properties: type: "triangle" count: 1 color: "orange" - position: x: 3 y: 5 properties: type: "star" color: "yellow" - position: x: 4 y: 3 properties: gap: 1 - position: x: 4 y: 9 properties: gap: 1

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SPaRC Dataset

Website • Solver • Generator

A grid-based puzzle dataset for benchmarking LLMs spatial reasoning capabilities.

Data Schema

Each record (JSON) includes:

id (string): unique puzzle identifier
difficulty_level (int) & difficulty_score (float)
grid_size: { "height": H, "width": W }
polyshapes: JSON string mapping shape IDs to binary grids
puzzle_array: 2D array with cell codes (e.g., S, E, +, P-O-112)
solution_count (int) and solutions list (with index, path, pathLength)
text_visualization: YAML-style summary

Sample Entry

{
  "id": "10e68dc3a6fbfcdf",
  "difficulty_level": 3,
  "difficulty_score": 2.3261,
  "grid_size": {"height":3,"width":4},
  "polyshapes":"{\"112\":[[0,1,...]]}",
  "puzzle_array":[
    ["+","+","+","E"],
    ["+","P-O-112","+","o-O"],
    ["S","N","+","G"]
  ],
  "solution_count": 10,
  "solutions": [ { "index":0, "pathLength":34, ... } ],
  "text_visualization": "..."
}

Citation Information

If you use the dataset in any way, please cite the following paper. Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16686

@article{kaesberg2025sparc,
  title={SPaRC: A Spatial Pathfinding Reasoning Challenge},
  author={Kaesberg, Lars Benedikt and Wahle, Jan Philip and Ruas, Terry and Gipp, Bela},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16686},
  year={2025}
}

Downloads last month: 39

Size of downloaded dataset files:

11.9 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

990 kB

Number of rows:

2,000

Paper for jamilalthani1/SPARC

SPaRC: A Spatial Pathfinding Reasoning Challenge

Paper • 2505.16686 • Published May 22, 2025 • 7