MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?
Paper • 2307.06281 • Published • 5
index int64 1 3M | question stringclasses 437
values | hint stringclasses 60
values | A stringlengths 1 460 | B stringlengths 1 460 | C stringlengths 0 460 | D stringlengths 0 460 | answer stringclasses 4
values | category stringclasses 20
values | image imagewidth (px) 55 2.88k | l2-category stringclasses 6
values | split stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
250 | Identify the question that Jaylen's experiment can best answer. | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Jaylen mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He ... | Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon? | Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid? | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
252 | Which of the following could Laura and Isabella's test show? | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques... | if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry | if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use | B | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
256 | Which of the following could Devin's test show? | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques... | if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C | how well the weather station would work when it was windy | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
258 | Identify the question that Carson's experiment can best answer. | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Carson made six batches of muffins over the course of one day. He used whole wheat flour in three of the batches and white flour in the other three batches. He divided the batter into muffin tins, using two ounces of ba... | Does the type of flour used in the muffins affect the number of muffins that turn brown after 30 minutes in the oven? | Do muffins made with white flour have larger volumes than muffins made with whole wheat flour? | B | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
286 | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | Two magnets are placed as shown. | repel | attract | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
295 | Which property do these two objects have in common? | Select the better answer. | yellow | salty | B | function_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
308 | Complete the text to describe the diagram.
Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. | The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles.
The diagram shows how the solution can change over time... | to the right than to the left | to the left than to the right | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
313 | Complete the text to describe the diagram.
Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. | The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles.
The diagram shows how the solution can change over time... | to the right than to the left | to the left than to the right | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
370 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's. | Use the data to answer the question below. | True | False | B | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
371 | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? | Figure: Umbria.
Large, fluffy clouds filled the sky on a warm summer day in Umbria, Italy.
Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. | weather | climate | A | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
399 | What are the fingers of a banana plant? | Read the passage about bananas.
Bananas grow on banana plants in large bunches. Each group of bananas in a bunch is called a hand, and each banana is a finger.
Banana plants may look like trees, but they're not. They don't have trunks. Instead, they have thick stems made of leaves. Banana plants are chopped down once a... | the bananas | the stems | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
403 | Based on the event chain, which event happens earlier in the legend? | This event chain shows the main events from the legend of John Henry. | John Henry gets sick. | John Henry beats the machine. | B | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
404 | Based on the table, in which story does the main character travel through time by accident? | This table compares three stories about time travel. | in both The Time Machine and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court | only in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court | B | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
407 | Based on the time line, when did people start playing polo? | This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin. | before surfing | before sumo wrestling | B | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
419 | Based on the event chain, when is Tinker Bell poisoned? | This event chain shows events from Peter and Wendy by J. M. Barrie. | before Captain Hook captures the Lost Boys | after the Lost Boys fight the pirates | B | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
448 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Butterflies and moths are easily mistaken for each other, but one distinction between them often appears during their pupal stage. When most butterfly caterpillars reach full size, they attach themselves to a leaf or other object and shed their skin a final time, forming a chrysalis, a hard, shell-like s... | cocoon | chrysalis | B | object_localization | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
449 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Most animals need to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range. Endotherms, such as humans and other mammals, can regulate their temperatures internally. When the temperature of their surrounding environments changes, endotherms may shiver or sweat to keep their body temperatures within a normal ... | endotherms | ectotherms | A | object_localization | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
452 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
The properties of a light wave affect what we see. One property of a light wave is wavelength. Wavelength measures the distance between one crest to the next. The wavelength of light determines what color, if any, is visible to the human eye. The longest visible waves are red and the shortest visible wav... | amplitude | wavelength | A | structuralized_imagetext_understanding | logic_reasoning | dev | |||
453 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Volcanic eruptions are classified by their appearance and their behavior. During a Hawaiian eruption, for example, lava is ejected from the volcano in a column. These jets can last for several hours or for days. The lava that flows from this type of eruption can often travel for miles before cooling and ... | Hawaiian eruption | Strombolian eruption | B | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
454 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Flowering plants are commonly divided into two groups: monocots and dicots. They are distinguished by the number of cotyledons their seeds have—a cotyledon is an undeveloped leaf inside the seed. Monocot seeds have one cotyledon while dicot seeds have two. You can also tell mature monocots and dicots a... | monocot | dicot | A | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
477 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Heat transfer can occur in different ways. Two common ways are through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when molecules from one object collide with molecules from another object. Burning your hand by touching a hot car door on a sunny summer day is an example of conduction.
Convection is anot... | conduction | convection | B | object_localization | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
480 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
"Cleavage" and "fracture" refer to the different ways that minerals can break. Cleavage occurs when a mineral breaks and forms flat planes or surfaces. These surfaces are smooth and often reflective. Minerals break cleanly along cleavage planes because there are weak points in the mineral's structure.
Wh... | fracture | cleavage | B | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
481 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
The shape of a lens determines how it bends light that passes through it. A concave lens, for example, is thinner in the center than it is at the edges. This results in light rays diverging, or bending away from one another, after passing through. Concave lenses are used in TV projectors to spread out li... | convex lens | concave lens | A | function_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
482 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
The Ophiuroidea are marine animals that are closely related to true sea stars, or the Asteroidea. Ophiuroids are divided into two groups: brittle stars and basket stars.
Brittle stars generally have five arms joined to a central body disk. Unlike those of true sea stars, the central body disks of brittle... | basket star | brittle star | A | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
484 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
The nucleus is an important feature of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus is usually round and stores long coiled structures called chromosomes, which contain the cell's genetic material.
A prokaryotic cell, by contrast, doesn't have a nucleus. Instead, its chromosomes are loose in the cell, not surrounded b... | prokaryotic cell | eukaryotic cell | A | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
485 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
Igneous rock forms when melted rock, like magma or lava, cools and hardens. The faster the rock cools, the finer its grain. That's because there isn't as much time for crystals to form. A rock like obsidian cools quickly and creates a smooth and glassy black rock. Obsidian can be chipped down into a fine... | obsidian | granite | B | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
486 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
There are two kinds of energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. Wind and flowing water both have kinetic energy. Another type of energy is potential energy. There are different types of potential energy. You can think of potential energy as kinds of stored energy. F... | kinetic energy | potential energy | B | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | |||
487 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
The sea is home to many different groups, or phyla, of animals. Two of these are cnidarians and echinoderms.
Cnidarian comes from a Greek word that means "nettle," a stinging type of plant. Cnidarians have tentacles all around their mouths, which they use to sting prey and pull the prey toward their mout... | echinoderm | cnidarian | B | attribute_recognition | finegrained_perception (instance-level) | dev | |||
488 | Which term matches the picture? | Read the text.
If something has bilateral symmetry, you can draw a line from top to bottom and both sides of the line will match. For example, if you drew a line down the center of someone's face, both sides would have one eye, half a nose, and half a mouth. If you drew a line in the middle from left to right, however,... | bilateral symmetry | radial symmetry | B | spatial_relationship | finegrained_perception (cross-instance) | dev | |||
858 | Two magnets are places as shown. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | Repel. | Attract. | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||||
863 | Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | Repel. | Attract. | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||||
1,087 | is this place crowded? | yes | no | B | image_scene | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,231 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,232 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,234 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,235 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,237 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,238 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,242 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,243 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,244 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,247 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,248 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,251 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,255 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,256 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,257 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,258 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,259 | Which image is more brightful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,262 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,264 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,267 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,268 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,269 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,270 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,273 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,275 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,276 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,277 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,278 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | B | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
1,279 | which image is more colorful? | The first image | The second image | A | image_quality | coarse_perception | dev | ||||
3,113 | What will happen if you place a piece of raw meat outside in the weather shown in this image? | It will decay quickly | It will stay fresh | B | future_prediction | logic_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,291 | In a forest ecosystem, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predates | protect | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,293 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | pollinate | ignore | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,295 | In nature, what's the relationship between creatures in this image and anemones? | symbiosis | compete | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,297 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | nurture | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,298 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | symbiosis | parasitize | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,299 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | coexist | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,301 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | parasitize | mutualism | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,308 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | mutualism | avoid | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,312 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | flee | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,315 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | coexist | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,316 | In nature, what's the relationship between the creature in this image and a tree? | utilize | harm | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,317 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | cultivate | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,318 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | nurture | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,320 | In nature, what's the relationship between these two creatures? | predate | mentor | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,323 | In nature, what's the relationship between the creature in this image and dead animals? | scavenge | preserve | A | nature_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,404 | In the picture, are all the wall paintings hung on the same horizontal line? | Yes | No | B | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,407 | Are the two chairs in the picture placed opposite each other? | No | Yes | B | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,411 | From the perspective of the image viewer, in the picture, which side of the road is the double-decker red bus located? | Left | Right | B | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,425 | From the perspective of the image viewer, which side is the door located in the classroom? | Left side | Right side | A | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,451 | In the picture, is the notebook placed behind the laptop? | Yes | No | B | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
3,452 | In the picture, are the glasses placed in front of the computer monitor? | No | Yes | B | physical_relation | relation_reasoning | dev | ||||
244 | Which of the following could Ernesto's test show? | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques... | which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road | which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area | if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design | A | identity_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
282 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2. | The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1. | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
284 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
285 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
288 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
289 | Which property do these three objects have in common? | Select the best answer. | blue | smooth | flexible | B | function_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
290 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
292 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | B | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
294 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1. | The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2. | The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
300 | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles. | sample A | neither; the samples have the same temperature | sample B | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
305 | Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute. | Solution B | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution A | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
306 | Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute. | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution A | Solution B | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
307 | Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute. | Solution A | Solution B | neither; their concentrations are the same | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
309 | Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute. | Solution B | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution A | A | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
311 | Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute. | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution A | Solution B | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
312 | Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute. | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution A | Solution B | C | physical_property_reasoning | attribute_reasoning | dev | ||
318 | Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles? | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute. | neither; their concentrations are the same | Solution B | Solution A | B | attribute_comparison | finegrained_perception (cross-instance) | dev |
The MMBench-EN-Dev-V1.1 dev split, pre-split into 6 subsets by the original l2-category field for convenient browsing in the dataset viewer.
MMBench_DEV_EN_V11.tsv30c05be8f2f347a50be25aa067248184 — matches the value registered in VLMEvalKit.index instead of storing base64. References are resolved here, so every row carries its own decoded image.| Config | Source l2-category |
# samples |
|---|---|---|
all |
(everything) | 4,876 |
coarse_perception |
coarse_perception |
1,381 |
finegrained_perception_single_instance |
finegrained_perception (instance-level) |
1,128 |
finegrained_perception_cross_instance |
finegrained_perception (cross-instance) |
667 |
attribute_reasoning |
attribute_reasoning |
603 |
relation_reasoning |
relation_reasoning |
637 |
logic_reasoning |
logic_reasoning |
460 |
Each subset has a single split: dev. The L3 ability ladder (20 fine-grained classes) is preserved in the category column.
index, question, hint, A, B, C, D, answer, category (L3, 20 classes), image (PIL), l2-category (L2, 6 classes), split.
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("Ryoo72/MMBench-EN-Dev-V11", "all", split="dev")
ds_logic = load_dataset("Ryoo72/MMBench-EN-Dev-V11", "logic_reasoning", split="dev")