State of external ocular muscles in strabismus of different duration


Management of uterine fibromyoma


Nature of the reflex excitation of the spinal motor neurons in children with isiopathic scoliosis

Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova


[Radioimmunoassay of serum gastrin and its preliminary clinical application (author's transl)].


Sodium amytal in treatment of anxiety states; a preliminary report.


The neurosurgeon and neurotrauma care system design.


Chronic pancreatitis and recurrent abdominal pain in childhood.


["Slow" or "rapid" tonsillectomy in rheumatic fever of tonsillar origin, in childhood?].

Annali di laringologia, otologia, rinologia, faringologia


Fitness and longevity.


["Is there a physician on board?" The hit list of medical emergencies on board airplanes]


A giant lipoma of the spermatic cord


SWELLING OF THE ARM AFTER RADICAL MASTECTOMY.


Histophysiological characteristics of small pulmonary arteries in newborn rats after experimental asphyxia

Eksperimental'naia khirurgiia i anesteziologiia


State rehabilitation administrators' views on psychological evaluation: a five-year follow-up study.


[Prof. Friedrich Pauwels (23 May 1885 - 19 January 1980)].


Social differences in growth and maturation


[Care of tuberculosis patients at the community level in the state of Chiapas, Mexico].

Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau


Incidence of liver disease in carriers of hepatitis B antigen

Revista española de las enfermedades del aparato digestivo


Use of cadaver blood in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases


Pathogenesis and treatment of neurological disorders in patients with endometriosis


Peripheral blood monocytosis as an early symptom of acute leukemia with 1st manifestations of cytopenia


[Conservative surgery of renal carcinoma in a case of synchronic bilateral involvement, with large size tumors and different histological type].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a large, bilateral, synchronous renal tumor. METHODS/RESULTS: Treatment by conservative surgery achieved good results. The histological analysis showed two different carcinomas. The most most important steps of the surgical procedure are described. Renal preservation in patients with malignant tumors is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The case described herein is rare since the tumors were synchronous and of uncommon histological type (one of the tumors was a chromophobic carcinoma). Despite the large size of the tumors, they were successfully managed by conservative surgery.


The nurse and hazardous waste

Soins; la revue de référence infirmière


Gunshot wound of the heart and right lung in a patient with a mitral defect


Birth control decision

Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia


Practicing medicine in the year 2000.


What should I consider in establishing a component dental ethics committee

Journal of the American Dental Association


[HEALTH CONDITIONS IN THE AMERICAS, 1961-1962].


Classification of laryngeal carcinoma.


[Use of coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 in photometric protein determination].


Immediate loading of implants: an improved treatment for the elderly.


[Radionuclide-thermographic diagnosis of neck paragangliomas].


Health status of persons who participated in the elimination of consequences of the Chernobyl AES accident

Vestnik Akademii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR


Hypertensive heart disease.

Journal - Michigan State Medical Society


Assessing the quality of teaching.


When are we going to retire

Tijdschrift Voor Gerontologie En Geriatrie


Neuritis ossificans with osteogenic sarcoma in brachial plexus following trauma; report of case.


Letter: Risk factors after coronary thrombosis.


Effects of Acute Exercise on Plasma Apelin and Blood Glucose in Healthy Young Subjects: 307 Board #158 May 27, 11

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise


Induction of bone tissue regeneration in dogs in the area of a skull defect following a heterotransplant of fresh or lyophilized bone filings.

The Soviet journal of developmental biology


LibGuides: Medicine (HYMS): Finding Resources


Cholegraphy in opisthorchiasis


The radiology corner. Pneumatosis coli.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology


종설 : 류코트리엔과 알레르기 염증

Abstract: Leukotrienes (LTs) are important lipid mediators involved in allergic inflammation. The LT pathway is relatively steroid- resistant, which suggests the possibility that its blockade by alternative means may facilitate asthma management. Cysteinyl LT receptor 1 antagonists are well accepted for their efficacy and safety in asthma management. Recent studies have revealed evolving findings indicating that leukotriene B4 has an important role in the development of asthma as well as in the potential importance of cysteinyl LTs in airway remodeling. These new findings provide important clues to achieve superior control of allergic inflammation. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;32:67-72)


Human growth as seen from the viewpoint of macroscopic morphology


THE PERSISTENT CHALLENGE OF HYSTERECTOMY.


[Functional and histochemical changes in the pancreas in diseases and after surgery of the liver, gallbladder, stomach and pancreas. (Review of Russian and foreign literature)].


[Scleroplasty using a corneo-scleral graft in school-age children th progressive myopia].


INSTALLING A HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM


[Endometriosis, predisposition and prevention].


Circulation in the cranial sinuses


Relato de caso: técnica tumescente em bovino para realização de desvio lateral do pênis

Abstract: A NDB bull weighing 350kg underwent a ruffian preparation by penis lateral deviation technique at the Veterinary Hospital of the University UFRB. As premedication (MPA), 2% xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly and a tumescent solution was used for local anesthesia. Approximately 10 minutes after administration of MPA, the animal was removed from the trunk and placed in the right lateral decubitus position, with subsequent trichotomy and antisepsis of the region to be surgically treated. The anesthetic solution consisted of 500 mL Ringer lactate, 1 mg epinephrine and 20 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor. The entire solution was administered in the subcutaneous tissue by infiltrative technique, covering the area to be incised. After the anesthetic blockage around the foreskin and penis attachment site, the incision of the skin and subcutaneous tissue was performed. Approximately 0.5 cm of skin was removed from the new site to be implanted at a 45° angle, and the skin was sutured with Wolff stitches of non-absorbable material. The Tumescent Anesthetic Technique (TAT) was performed successfully since the animal had a good recovery without adverse effects. As described in the literature, the incised areas showed a tiny amount of bleeding. Its analgesic effect could also be observed postoperatively by the animal behavior and ease when cleaning the wound. The physiological parameters (HR 58 ± 2 and f 22 ± 4) were within normal limits for the species at surgery, remaining constant until the end of the procedure. It is possible that TAT could become an anesthetic technique widely used in cattle, since it is efficient, promotes analgesia and local anesthesia of large areas, it is easy to use and low cost.


Treatment of hepatozoon in dogs by primaquine dihydrophosphate


[Dispersion method for determining recurrence of circadian curves of excretion of urine, sodium and potassium].


Orientation of the postero-anterior skull cephalogram by registration on mathematical centers.


Diagnosis of syphilis before the appearance of primary chancre


[A patient with acute tubular necrosis as a consequence of drinking diethylene glycol-treated wine].


Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives and Adolescents: Assessing Benefits and Overcoming Barriers.


Effektivität der manuellen Medizin in der HNO: Eine retrospektive Langzeituntersuchung

Abstract: Background. The vertebral genesis of many functional disorders in otorhinolaryngology, such as dizziness,hearing-impairment,ear-pressure, ear-pain,foreign body sensation in the throat and dysphonia, is suggested by the success of spinal manipulative therapy, particularly of the atlanto-occipital joint. Up to now,there are no retrospective investigations which show the duration of the therapeutic effect. Methods. We examined 220 patients with cervical otorhinolaryngological disorders (100 patients with dizziness, 49 with hearing impairment,47 with tinnitus and 24 with dysphonia) after cervical manipulation lasting more than 6 months. Results and conclusions. The extraordinary satisfaction with the manipulative therapy in 82% of patients with dizziness (46% total relief, 36% high improvement) reflects the high efficiency of this manual therapy. In contrast to these results, only 10% of patients with tinnitus showed an improvement (P<0.001).This retrospective investigation demonstrates that a successful outcome after manual therapy is not based on a placebo effect.


Superstition and medical knowledge in an Italian herbal.


Congenital choanal occlusion.

The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society


HEALTH CARE FINANCING ADMINISTRATION


Trace element issues in Switzerland and Europe


The psychopathological differentiation of pathological body sensations

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova


Modern methods of therapy and prevention in fungal skin diseases


X-ray therapy in the treatment of hemangiomas.


Dipasic in the treatment of children suffering from primary pulmonary tuberculosis.

The British journal of clinical practice


Pulmonary function tests and the physician.


일 지역 주민의 과민성방광 증상심각도 영향요인

Abstract: Purpose: This study was conducted to determine factors that influence overactive bladder (OAB) symptom severity in community residents. Methods: The participants of the study were 115 adults who participated in the health lectures for patients with OAB between March 1 and June 30, 2013. The overactive bladder-questionnaire (OAB-q) was used to assess the OAB symptom severity. Results: The mean score of OAB symptom severity was 35.48 out of 100. Participants showed the highest score of urgency among OAB symptoms. The significant predictors were the monthly income, operation history of urogynecology, and body mass index accounting for 23% of the variance of OAB symptom severity. The OAB symptom severity was higher in subjects who had lower monthly income, urogynecology operation history and higher BMI (＞25 ㎏/㎡). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that it should be considered to recommend weight loss as a component of nursing intervention for alleviating OAB symptom severity in overweight OAB patients.


Some remarks on the circumstances of infestation of children by intestinal parasites in the Lyons region


Table 1, Eligibility criteria for use of perioperative beta-blockers *


Differential diagnosis of radiating pain from neck and shoulder girdle into the upper extremities.


Longitudinal movement of peripheral nerves measured by Doppler ultrasound.


Thyroid function and hypophyseal thyrotropic function in psoriasis patients


What does informed consent mean to you


New biocompound for the treatment of glioma: Is rutin hydrolyzed by hesperinase an alternative?


Disorders of coagulation.


MIB-1 AND SCHWANNOMAS. AUTHORS' REPLY


Figure 69, Mean per-patient percent absolute change from baseline in SEP-Q2


Physical loading tolerance in male population groups 20 to 69 years of age without the angina syndrome and normal and altered resting ECGs


What you should know about medicare.


On the question of functional postvagotomy complications


Method of cholecystectomy for large Hartman pocket inosculated with biliary tracts


Nimodipine in patients with heart disease.


Sequential Brief Chemo-Immunotherapy FND + Rituximab in Elderly Patients with Advanced Stage Follicular Lymphoma (FL): High Clinical and Molecular Remission Rate Associated with a Prolonged Failure-Free Survival.

Abstract: Introduction: Elderly patients (pts) with FL do worse than younger ones and the aim of the treatment is usually palliation rather than cure. In order to outline a treatment plan specifically devised for elderly pts with a reduced amount of chemotherapy, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a brief chemo-immunotherapy FND plus Rituximab. Patients and methods: from March 1999 to March 2003, 80 elderly pts (age >60) with advanced stage FL at diagnosis were enrolled. Treatment plan was: 4 courses of FND (Fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 days 1–3, Mitoxantrone 10 mg/m 2 day 1 and Dexamethasone 20 mg days 1–3) followed by 4 Rituximab infusions at 375 mg/m 2 /week; pts in partial remission received 2 further FND and 2 Rituximab infusions. PCR molecular monitoring for the presence of IgH/Bcl2 and/or Ig heavy chain gene rearrangement was performed at the beginning of the treatment, after FND, after Rituximab and during follow-up time on bone marrow (BM) samples. Results: median age was 66 (range 60–78); 42 males and 38 females; 16% had stage II, 12% stage III and 72% stage IV disease; 61% had BM involvement; 41% had bulky disease and 24% were at high risk according to IPI score. PCR molecular analysis was performed in 46 pts at diagnosis: 63% were Bcl2 rearranged and 37% were not; IgH rearrangement was detected in 24% of Bcl2 negative pts. Up to date, 70 pts are evaluable. Overall response at the end of treatment was achieved in 63 pts (90%) with 58 pts (83%) in complete remission (CR) and 5 pts (7%) in partial remission (PR). Six pts (9%) did not respond and one patient (1%) died of neutropenic sepsis during a FND course. The addition of Rituximab allowed to increase CR rate from 44% (31 pts) after FND to 83% (58 pts); 73% of responding pts did so with a brief treatment program (4 FND + 4 Rituximab). Patients with adverse prognostic features at diagnosis responded as well as those with more favorable ones with no significant differences in CR rates: BM+ 89%, BM- 79%; low IPI 83%, high IPI 82%; Bulky+ 85%, Bulky- 79%; stage II 90%, III 87%, IV 84%. A thorough molecular analysis is ongoing; to date a molecular marker was detectable in 26 pts. After FND 9/26 pts (35%) did not show anymore BM molecular disease, while PCR negativity was achieved in 23/26 pts (88%) after Rituximab treatment. With a median follow-up of 30 months, 3-yr failure free survival was 50% for the whole series of pts. Failures were observed more frequently in PCR+ pts: all 3 PCR+ pts failed compared to only 7/23 PCR- pts (p=.01). The toxicity was mild with grade 3–4 neutropenia reported in 22% of FND courses, but only 3 pts developed grade 3–4 infections. The whole program was performed in an outpatient setting. Rituximab toxicity was as expected. Conclusions: a brief course of chemo-immunotherapy is able to achieve high clinical and molecular response rates in elderly pts with low toxicity. The sequential use of FND and Rituximab induces a CR rate >80% also in unfavorable subsets of pts. The achievement of PCR negative status correlates with a lower risk of failure.


Common renal problems: A three-article symposium


Diagnosis and treatment of tubal sterility factor


Enzymatic analysis of the quality of foodstuffs


Glaucoma screening in an industrial complex.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine


2 mild courses of malignant hyperthermia caused by anesthesia


Role of physician in hemorrhagic gastric ulcer


Adolescents and heart defects


Prospective payment will redefine standard of care.


[Sanatorium-resort treatment in a low-mountain region of patients with ischemic heart disease after aortocoronary bypass].


Fibrinolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Results of randomized studies in recent years


Mastectomy and insertion of prosthesis.


Pancreatitis caused by burns


The relation between structure and function in the glomerular capillary bed.


La disfunción tiroidea en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo 2013-2015

Abstract: --- Introduction. The most common endocrine disorders observed in endocrinology clinics are thyroid disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective. To determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design. Descriptive observational study. Setting. Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Participants. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to American Diabetes Association 2010 criteria, and that were assisted in Endocrinology clinics during november 2013 up to october 2015. Intervention: data were analized from 355 clinical histories from patiens of both genders, it was collected using a form data that inclued gender, age, type of thyroid dysfunction, goiter, body mass index, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, family history of thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia and autoimmunity . Results. It was found that 355 participants in this study had hormonal tests , of which 92.1 % had the thyroid dysfunction. The frequency of clinical hypothyroidism was 89%; subclinical hypothyroidism was 2.7%, clinical hyperthyroidism was 8.3% and 16.9% of goiter. Its predominant epidemiological characteristics were women between 50 and 59 years old. Their clinical characteristics were : subjects with clinical hypothyroidism , obesity , duration of DM between 10 to 19 years , normotensive , dyslipidemia and the presence of autoimmunity is unknown. Conclusions . The frequency of thyroid dysfunction in a group of type 2 diabetics of HNDM, in whom hormonal test for disposal of thyroid disease was conducted during november 2013 and october 2015 was 92.1 %. In this group predominates clinical hypothyroidism. Keywords. Thyroid Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus; Goiter; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism


Current treatment of acute bronchiolitis


Complications of leiomyoma of the stomach


Effects of Teriparatide Administration on Fracture Healing after Intramedullary Nailing in Atypical Femoral Fractures

The Journal of The Korean Orthopaedic Association


NEW GENERAL-PURPOSE HOSPITAL BED.


New Nursing Roles: Implications for Medicine


Immunochemical determination of albumin in meconium


Treatment of comminuted supracondylar fractures of the femur using Ilizarov method

Journal of the Korean Society of Fractures


Full-gesture auto-nursing and keeling over bed

Abstract: A full gesture automatic nursing body-turn-over bed pertains to the field of medical devices. The invention is designed against the market gap of the multifunctional nursing body-turn-over beds. The invention includes a bedstead, a combined bed board, a motor-driven screw back supporting device, a motor-driven screw leg bending device, a motor-driven side-turn device and an automatic control device. The bed board is composed of at least 12 turning boards, which is not only flexible, but also can bear the weight of the human body. The invention does not produce the interference under the successive actions of the side-turn device, the back supporting device and the leg bending device. The side-turn device adopts the variable machine rack design and realizes the transformation of the machine rack during the left and right side-turn motions by the alternative electromagnetic suction and reduction. The side-turn device, the back supporting device and the leg bending device are respectively fixed at the corresponding positions of the bedstead by the design, then the device can avoid the interference on space layout. The invention can realize back supporting by 90 degrees, leg bending by 40 degrees and left and right side turning by 90 degrees, thereby ensuring the stay in any position in all the angle scopes. The design is novel, the structure is compact and simple, the functions are comprehensive and effective, the cost is low, and the invention is easy to be popularized and applied.


Intelligent navigation and position service system and method based on dynamic information

Abstract: The invention relates to intelligent navigation and position service system and method based on dynamic information, belonging to a city traffic inducement system and comprising an intelligent navigation and position server information center, a communication network and intelligent navigation and position service vehicle terminals, wherein the vehicle terminals are arranged all or most of vehicles, and are used for transmitting vehicle position information to the information center. The information center realizes real-time tracking of the dynamic vehicle to realize the position service with high precision; meanwhile, the information center is used for carrying out extraction, quality evaluation and control and short prediction on road section travel time according to the position information of the vehicles, and sending the inducement dynamic traffic information to the vehicle terminals according to a user request; and the vehicle terminals receives real-time dynamic traffic information and plans an optimal time driving route for a driver. The invention can effectively release the increasingly-serious traffic congestion problem in medium-large cities.


The Approximate Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior of Structure under Harmonic Loading

International Journal of Physical Sciences


Aqueous processing of hydroxyapatite

Abstract: Abstract This paper describes a study of the dispersion of hydroxyapatite (OHAp) powder in aqueous media. The slurry stability is achieved by utilizing a combination of a commercially available dispersant, polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAA-Na) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt, dihydrate (EDTA·4Na·2H 2 O). Adsorption, sedimentation and rheology measurements have been performed to investigate the suspensions properties. It was shown that HAp slurries could be stabilized at pH 10.50 with the PAA-Na concentration around 0.45 wt%. Rheological measurement confirmed that well dispersed slurries could be obtained with the solid content as high as 63 vol%. After sintering, the relative density of HAp sheets reached 98.8%. The as sintered HAp samples exhibited excellent properties for cell attachment and proliferation. Results showed that the aqueous processing technique is effective for preparation HAp samples for biological applications.


Sensitivity of dangling bonds to the presence of dopant atoms in hydrogen terminated silicon nanoclusters

Bulletin of the American Physical Society


Behaviour of a particle bed in the field of vibration II. Flow of particles through slits in the bottom of a vibrating vessel

Abstract: Abstract A semi-empirical formula for the discharge rate of particles from a vibrating hopper is derived with the aid of a model combining a fluid analogy and the motion of a particle on a vibrating plate. From the theory anal experiments it is proved that the discharge rate varies with frequency and intensity of vibration and at some operating condition it becomes less than the rate of discharge under gravity. Furthermore, the packing of vibrated particles is studied on the basis of a single particle's motion on a vibrating plate. Calculated results agree fairly well with experiment, both theory and experiment giving a minimum voidage at an intensity of vibration G equal to about 2.5.


Scanning probe memories – Technology and applications

Abstract: Abstract Scanning probe-based memories have demonstrated their ability to store data at ultra-high densities, well in excess of 1 Tbit/sq.in. In addition they offer the capability for relatively fast writing and reading, in excess of 1 Mbit/second/tip, combined with very low energy consumption (a few pico Joules of writing energy per bit). Thus, scanning probe-based technology would seem to offer an attractive route for the provision of ultra-compact, ultra-high density, ultra-low power memories. In this paper we discuss the three major families of probe storage: (i) probe storage using thermo-mechanical (and purely mechanical) write/read in polymer media; (ii) probe storage using electrical writing (and various readout methods) in ferroelectric media; (iii) probe storage using electro-thermal writing and electrical reading in phase-change media. We discuss the physical principles behind the writing and reading methods in each case, as well as media and (probe) tip design and fabrication issues. We also review very briefly some of the potential application areas for probe storage.


Influence of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate on hydrothermal formation of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers

Abstract: Abstract The influence of Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O on the hydrothermal formation of hemihydrate calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O) whiskers from dihydrate calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) at 135 °C was investigated. Experimental results indicate that the addition of phosphorus accelerates the hydrothermal conversion of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O to CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O via the formation of Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and produces CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O whiskers with thinner diameters and shorter lengths. Compared with the blank experiment without Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O, the existence of minor amounts (8.65 × 10 −4 –4.36 × 10 −3 mol/L) of Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O led to a decrease in the diameter of CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O whiskers from 1.0–10.0 to 0.5–2.0 μm and lengths from 70–300 to 50–200 μm.


Highly Luminescent Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanoparticles Synthesized with Porous Alumina Media

Abstract: Nanocrystalline lead bromide perovskite was synthesized by rapid self-organization on a mesoporous aluminum oxide film. With UV excitation, the film exhibited an intense green emission with a narro...


Gd(III) ion-chelated supramolecular assemblies composed of PGMA-based polycations for effective biomedical applications

Abstract: An intricate polymer complex can carry genes to their cellular targets with high efficiency and low toxicity. Gene therapy has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of diseases such as cancer, but non-viral gene delivery systems are needed to ensure patient safety. Fu-Jian Xu from the Beijing University of Chemical Technology and co-workers have taken steps to reach this goal by assembling cationic polymers and gadolinium (Gd) ions into spherical, supramolecular host-guest complexes. These compounds, based on biocompatible poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and cyclodextrin molecules, can be size adjusted to ensure the nanoparticles have the correct dimensions for optimal cellular uptake. The addition of Gd ions turns the multifunctional delivery device into a magnetic resonance imaging probe for in vivo monitoring of nucleic acid transfer.


Condensation of propiolic esters with olefins catalyzed by the C5H5Fe(CO)2 cation


Antiferromagnetism and low-temperature specific heat of β-Mn1−xIrx alloys

Abstract: The site preference of Ir, the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and the low-temperature specific heat of β-Mn1−xIrx alloys have been investigated. In Mn1−xIrx alloys, the β-phase exists below x = 0.102. From x-ray diffraction patterns, almost all Ir atoms are substituted at site 1 in the β-Mn lattice. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ is proportional to the Neel temperature TN in the form TN3/4 in regions of low-Ir concentration. With increasing x, however, the gradual decrease in γ leads to a relative increase in γ from the straight line. Therefore, it is concluded that the magnetic state of the β-Mn1−xIrx alloys varies from a weak itinerant-electron antiferromagnet to an intermediate antiferromagnet with increasing Ir concentration. The point to observe is that the γ versus TN3/4 plots give a universal line for all the β-Mn alloy systems over the entire concentration range.


Anisotropy of Paramagnetic Susceptibility of CoCl2·6H2O


Orientation relationships of Au5Sn/Au interfaces and formation sequence of Au5Sn and AuSn at the Au/Sn interface

Abstract: The orientation relationships and interfaces between ζ′-Au5Sn and Au have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Epitaxial Au thin films were grown on the single-crystal NaCl surfaces and Sn was evaporated to form ζ′-Au5Sn. Results showed that on both the (1¯11)Au and (001)Au surfaces the (0001)ζ′ plane is the common interface surface with a common orientation relationship of (1¯100)ζ′//(110)Au, which has a small misfit of 1.9%. The Au atoms have good matches across both interfaces. ::: ::: That δ-AuSn forms before ζ′-Au5Sn in the solid-state Au/Sn interfacial reactions was discussed by heterogeneous nucleation theory. Both phases have good orientation relationships to Au and therefore low interfacial energies. Analysis of the interfaces indicated that the ζ′-Au5Sn/Au interfacial energies should be less than δ-AuSn/Au, which favors the nucleation of ζ′-Au5Sn. However, the energy of formation of δ-AuSn is much larger, about 2.3 times, than that of ζ′-Au5Sn by data from references. Therefore δ-AuSn forms before ζ′-Au5Sn.


THE USE OF COPPER STANDARDS WITH COPPER FLUORIDE AS THE CARRIER IN THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE IMPURITIES IN SILVER, GOLD AND THE PLATINUM METALS,

Abstract: Abstract : A study has shown that copper fluoride is an effective carrier distillation agent for the detection of impurities in the noble metals and permits their determination in some cases down to concentrations lower than can be achieved by other spectrographic methods. Under the recommended conditions, common impurities in copper, silver, gold, platinum and probably palladium produce line intensities which are independent of the matrix material, thus permitting the use of a single copper standard for the determination of impurities in each of these metals. This greatly simplifies the analysis and is particularly useful with metals where standard samples are not available. Low results are obtained with platinum and palladium unless copper is added to lower the melting point of the sample. (Author)


Nucleation of silicalite precursors during synthesis

Abstract: This study is a part of ongoing research focused on the formation of the silicalite (siliceous zeolite) which is one of the most commonly studied cases. Our goal is to explain the role of molecular recognition mechanism during the formation of nanoslabs from Si33 precursors. The crucial role seems to be that of SDA-precursor interaction. We have also Cound that water shell layers surrounding the silica species can be distinguished. There is only attractive interaction between positively charged template molecule and silica oligomers, when the latter carries a significant charge.


Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Titanium and Iron in Titaniferous Ores

Abstract: The titanium minerals are essentially oxygenated compounds and are often very difficult to decompose and put into solution. As a matter of fact. "excepting hydrofluoric, the acids attack them only imperfectly''t Further. they are often intimately mixed or associated with other minerals difficult to dissolve. For the purpose of analysis it fa usual to resort to pyrosulfate fusion, followed by an alkali fusion of any undecomposed or insoluble material. By whatever method obtained, solutions of titanium salts, with the possible exception of the oxalates, are more or less unstable due to their tendency to hydrolyze. In order even partially to prevent hy~lys1s of titanium chloride and sulfate solutions it is necessary to maintain high acid concentrations and to keep temperatures low. ~nerally, with low acid concentrations and especially with application of heat, hydrolysis wUl occur. Much of the titanium wlll separate as relatively inert dioxide. Obviously, there are serious objections to any analytical procedure encountering such conditions.


Polymerization of cyclobutene and of 3‐methylcyclobutene by RuCl3 in polar protic solvents


Environmental stakeholder management as business strategy: the case of the corporate wildlife habitat enhancement programme

Abstract: A new management approach and conservation process is the corporate wildlife habitat programme. This programme, co-ordinated by the non-profit-making Wildlife Habitat Council, encourages corporations to voluntarily manage lands for wildlife and biodiversity protection. This case study examines the benefits to corporations from participating in this programme in terms of the programme's influence on relationships with key corporate stakeholders including employees, host communities, environmental groups and regulators. The method of the study was a survey of individuals responsible for wildlife habitat enhancement programmes at 164 sites in the United States. Ninety-five percent of respondents indicated that wildlife habitat programmes led to improved employee morale. Seventy-two percent indicated improved relationships with environmental groups. Sixty percent of respondents noted a positive effect of the programme on community relations. Forty-nine percent of respondents reported an improved relationship with regulators. These benefits were in addition to the 50% of programmes that reported annual cost savings. The study also identifies specific benefits to the wildlife programme as a result of outside group involvement. Relationships with community, Government, and environmental groups led to better wildlife programmes due to increased expertise. Furthermore, 24% of the wildlife monitoring was done by outside groups. These results are useful, both for aiding managers to identify the range of benefits the wildlife habitat enhancement programme can provide to their companies, as well as to improve their organization's wildlife and biodiversity protection. Furthermore, this case provides a tangible example of where business and the environment can be mutually compatible.1998 Academic Press Limited


Lethal drug interaction: Isoniazid and methylxanthines

Abstract: Nonlethal doses of methylxanthines (caffeine or theophyline) produced dose-dependent lethality in rats pretreated with isoniazid. Isoniazid pretreatment did not alter theophylline concentration in blood or brain, suggesting that the drug interaction was not due to altered distribution or metabolism of theophylline. Death was associated with tonic-clonic seizures and pulmonary congestion. The toxicity of the drug combination was blocked by the anticonvulsants diazepam, barbital, and trimethadione, but not by chlorpromazine, a sedative drug which lacks anticonvulsant activity. Thus, there is a fatal drug interaction between isoniazid and theophylline which may be due to convulsions that trigger a shock lung syndrome.


“Mixed Staffanes” as Intermediate-Length Staffs for Molecular-Size Tinkertoys. Parent Hydrocarbons and Terminal Diiodides Combining Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane with Cubane or Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Units

Abstract: Photochemically induced addition of [1.1.1] propellane across one or both of the C-I bonds in the 1,4-diiodocubane and 1,4-diiodobicyclo [2.2.2] octane yields doubly terminally functionalized straight molecules («mixed staffanes») whose length is intermediate between those of the parent [n] staffanes differing by one in the value of n. Conversion to terminal dilithio derivatives and to the parent hydrocarbons is described, and a single-crystal X-ray structure of 1,4-bis(bicyclo [1.1.1] pent-1-yl) cubane is presented


Modelling the atmospheric boundary layer in a climate model of intermediate complexity

Abstract: In this study, we describe and validate a boundary layer module that can be implemented in the climate model of intermediate complexity ECBilt (Opsteegh et al. 1998). It includes the growth of the convective boundary due to thermal-forced turbulence, the additional heating of the boundary layer because of entrainment, the collapse of the convective boundary layer during the afternoon transition and the development of a stable boundary layer in stable conditions.


Plasma emission controlled multi-target reactive sputtering for in-situ crystallized Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on 6 Si-wafers

Abstract: Abstract Reactive sputtering from three metallic targets (Ti, Zr, and Pb) in O 2 and Ar gas mixture was utilized to deposit in-situ crystallized Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films onto ZrO 2 buffered 6″ Si-wafers. The plasma emission control of reactive sputtering was used to stabilize Ti target in the “transition region” during co-sputtering. The stable and reproducible PZT thin film deposition on large area has been demonstrated. The reactive sputtering behavior of the metal targets has been explained on the basis of the change in surface binding energies. The morphological, structural, and chemical properties of PZT have been examined as a function of deposition temperature (480–580 °C). At the deposition temperature of 580 °C, the PZT films crystallized directly into the perovskite phase.


Experimental Study on Reduction‐Magnetic Separation Process of Low‐Grade Nickel Laterite Ore

Abstract: The reduction and magnetic separation of low-grade nickel laterite was studied at varing temperatures between 1325–1400°C and a weak magnetic field of 100 mT in order to acquire high grade concentrations. The influence of reduction temperature, percentage of CaO, and atomic ratio of C/O (carbon/oxygen) were investigated. According to the gas analysis, the reaction process was divided into two stages: the direct reduction had a greater advantage than the indirect reduction in the earlier stage when the temperature was low, and the direct reduction and the indirect reduction reacted together in the later stage when the temperature was high. The result indicated that reduction temperature of 1375°C, percentage of CaO of 12% and atomic ratio of C/O of 1.2, the grade of fine ore was improved up to 5.71%. At the same time, the recovery rate of nickel reached up to 96.35%).


New spin labels and probes for biological studies


Magnetism and Interlayer Distance of MnPS3 Controlled by Intercalation and Applying High Pressure

Abstract: We have investigated the change of magnetism of the transition metal phosphorous trisulfide MnPS3 by controlling the interlayer distance, which was varied by intercalation and by applying high pressure. A perfect pyridine intercalation into MnPS3 was achieved by stirring at 373 K for 8 hours. The interlayer distance d of this intercalated phase (P1.9) is 1.9 times lager than that of MnPS3. Furthermore, a new intercalated phase (P2.7), where d is 2.7 times larger than that of MnPS3, was obtained. The latter phase is unstable and changed to a new phase (P2.0) with a d value which is 2.0 times larger than that of MnPS3 by leaving it in air for about 10 minutes. The temperature dependence of the magnetization of P1.9 shows ferrimagnetism with a Curie temperature TC of 40 K, while MnPS3 is an antiferromagnet with a Neel temperature TN of 78 K. High pressure X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the interlayer separation decreases rapidly with increasing pressure (∼ 1%/GPa). This is explained well by the wea...


Spectrophotometric comparison of the content of chlorophylls in weld (Reseda luteola)

Abstract: An analytical method for the comparison of the content of chlorophylls and their structurally similar breakdown products in weld is described.


Time-resolved study of the conversion of chlorinated hydrocarbons in non-equilibrium hydrogen plasmas

Abstract: Abstract The time evolution of the decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons in non-equilibrium hydrogen plasmas was investigated by experiment as well as by kinetic modelling. Singly chlorinated hydrocarbons (C 2 H 3 Cl, C 2 H 5 Cl) highly diluted in hydrogen were decomposed in an electrodeless pulsed r.f. discharge sustained in a quartz glass tube. The gas-phase chemistry was also modelled by CHEMKIN computer code. In the model, the plasma was considered as weakly ionized so that the chemistry of neutral species plays the major role. It was found that the chlorinated hydrocarbons were decomposed very quickly to the main stable species HCl, CH 4 and C 2 H 2 . During the decomposition process, which lasts only a few milliseconds, a few chlorinated hydrocarbon radicals show up in the gas phase. Later on, the plasma is dominated by the radicals CH 3 , Cl and H. CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , and also smaller amounts of C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 are in a quasi equilibrium after the decomposition process is completed. At steady state, the concentrations of the chlorinated hydrocarbons were close to the detection limit. Experiment and modelling are in good agreement.


Computational Methods for Host-Guest Interactions

Host‐Guest‐Systems Based on Nanoporous Crystals


Ozonation-based removal of microcystin from drinking water drawn from the artificial lake of Sulejów, Poland


Crystalline insoluble acid salts of tetravalent metals—IX ☆: Thorium arsenate, a new inorganic ion exchanger specific for lithium

Abstract: Abstract A new crystalline inorganic ion exchanger, with the formula Th(HAsO4)2 · H2O, has been prepared by prolonged refluxing of a solution of thorium nitrate in arsenic acid. The hydrogen ion of this compound can be completely exchanged by Li+ but not by larger ions such as Na+ or K+. This singular property, which is due to steric reasons, has been utilized to carry out good separations of lithium from other alkali metal ions. Reversibility of ion exchange and chemical and thermal stabilities of this exchanger are also reported and discussed.

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry


Identification of flavonol glycosides in American cranberry fruit

Abstract: Abstract Two flavonol glycosides, quercetin galactoside and quercetin arabinoside, have been identified in American cranberry fruit, as a complementary investigation of our previous study. The analysis processes included separation, hydrolysis and structure elucidation of flavonol glycosides. The separation of flavonol glycosides was carried out by solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After hydrolysis of the obtained flavonol glycosides, flavonol aglycones and sugars were identified by HPLC and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively.


Copolymerization of an oligoester-maleate with triethylene glycol dimethcrylate at the stage of formation of a three dimensional structure☆

Abstract: Abstract A study has been made of the effect of temperature, time and the nature of the initiating system on copolymerization of maleate oligoesters with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate after the beginning of gel formation. The kinetic characteristics of the copolymerization in the presence of various initiating systems were determined. New hardening systems are proposed and the optimal conditions for producing the copolymers have been found.


Catalysis without precious metals

Abstract: Preface CATALYSIS INVOLVING THE H*TRANSFER REACTIONS OF FIRST-ROW TRANSITION METALS H*Transfer Between M-H Bonds and Organic Radicals H*Transfer Between Ligands and Organic Radicals H*Transfer Between M-H and C-C Bonds Chain Transfer Catalysis Catalysis of Radical Cyclizations Competing Methods for the Cyclization of Dienes Summary and Conclusions CATALYYTIC REDUCTION OF DINITROGEN TO AMMONIA BY MOLYBDENUM Introduction Some Characteristics of Triamidoamine Complexes Possible [HIPTN3N]Mo Intermediates in a Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Nitrogen Interconversion of Mo(NH3) and Mo(N2) Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen MoH and Mo(H2) Ligand and Metal Variations Comments MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGENATION, HYDROSILYLATION AND HYDROLYSIS Introduction Proton Transfer Reactions of Metal Hydrides Hydride Transfer Reactdions of Metal Hydrides Stoichiometric Hydride Transfer Reactivity of Anionic Metal Hydride Complexes Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones with Anionic Metal Hydrides Ionic Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Metal Hydrides and Added Acid Ionic Hydrogenations from Dihydrides: Delivery of the Proton and Hydride from One Metal Catalytic Ionic Hydrogenations With Mo and W Catalysts Mo Phosphine Catalysts With Improved Lifetimes Tungsten Hydrogenation Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Catalysts for Hydrosilylation of Ketones Cp2Mo Catalysts for Hydrolysis, Hydrogenations and Hydrations Conclusion MODERN ALCHEMY: REPLACING PRECIOUS METALS WITH IRON IN CATALYTIC ALKENE AND CARBONYL HYDROGENATION REACTIONS Introduction Alkene Hydrogenation Carbonyl Hydrogenation Outlook OLEFIN OOLIGOMERIZATIONS AND POLYMERIZATIONS CATALYZED BY IRON AND COBALT COMPLEXES BEARING BIS(IMINO)PYRIDINE LIGANDS Introduction Precatalyst Synthesis Precatalyst Activation and Catalysis The Active Catalyst and Mechanism Other Applications Conclusions and Outlook COBALT AND NICKEL CATALYZED REACTIONS INVOLVING C-H AND C-N ACTIVATION REACTIONS Introduction Catalysis with Cobalt Catalysis with Nickel A MODULAR APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR H2 OXIDATION AND PRODUCTION BASED ON INEXPENSIVE METALS Introduction Concepts in Catalyst Design Based on Structural Studies of Hydrogenase Enzymes A Layered or Modular Approach to Catalyst Design Using the First Coordination Sphere to Control the Energies of Catalytic Intermediates Using the Second Coordination Sphere to Control the Movement of Protons between the Metal and the Exterior of the Molecular Catalyst Integration of the First and Second Coordination Spheres Summary NICKEL-CATALYZED REDUCTIVE COUPLINGS AND CYCLIZATIONS Introduction Couplings of Alkynes with alpha, beta-Unsaturated Carbonyls Couplings of Alkynes with Aldehydes Conclusions and Outlook COPPER-CATALYZED LIGAND PROMOTED ULLMANN-TYPE COUPLING REACTIONS Introduction C-N Bond Formation C-O Bond Formation C-C Bond Formation C-S Bond Formation C-P Bond Formation Conclusion COPPER-CATALYZED LIGAND PROMOTED ULLMANN-TYPE COUPLING REACTIONS Introduction C-N Bond Formation C-O Bond Formation C-C Bond Formation C-S Bond Formation C-P Bond Formation Conclusion COPPER-CATALYZED AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION (CuAAC) Introduction Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: Basics Copper-Catalyzed Cycloadditions "FRUSTRATED LEWIS PAIRS": A METAL-FREE STRATEGY FOR HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS Phosphine-Borane Activation of H2 "Frustrated Lewis Pairs" Metal-Free Catalytic Hydrogenation Future Considerations


Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition-Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Malonates with o-Hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4-Substituted Chromanols

Abstract: The asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition–cyclization reaction of malonates with o-hydroxycinnamaldehydes, which affords 4-substituted chroman-2-ols, has been established using a diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether as organocatalyst. The desired products were obtained with good to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). Synthetically useful chroman derivatives were formed after subsequent reactions.


Cationic polymerization of 1,2-epoxy-3-nitropropane in the presence of ethylene glycol, 1. Lower oligodiols obtained according to the activated monomer mechanism

Abstract: The early stage of cationic polymerization of 1,2-epoxy-3-nitropropane in the presence of ethylene glycol and borontrifluoride etherate is examined. It is shown that the reaction proceeds according to the Activated Monomer Mechanism: initiation and propagation involve the nucleophilic attack of an hydroxyl end-group moiety onto a protonated monomer molecule; this attack takes place on the carbon atom located in the β-position with regard to the -CH 2 NO 2 group


Structural stability in high temperature Pu and Pu alloys

Abstract: It is generally accepted that the properties of the high-temperature phases require a reduction in bonding coming from 5f electrons, but the source of this reduction has not been determined. Strong electron correlations and localization driven by structural distortion are two of the suggestions that have been put forward. Attempts to include electron correlation beyond the local density approximation have been limited to phenomenological Hamiltonians lacking sufficient accuracy to deal with, and be tested against, real materials and structures. At the present time, the size of a unit cell necessary for a realistic study of disorder effects is prohibitively large. We have developed a model, which we call the mixed-level state, that relies only on the assumption that partial localization of the 5f manifold is responsible for the reduced bonding. The mixed-level model is quite successful in describing the basic structural properties of delta Pu and Pu-Ga stochiometric alloys.


Some protactinium(IV) halides, their complexes and hexahalogeno-salts


Biotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract: The sections in this article are ::: ::: ::: Introduction ::: Nanoparticles in the Environment ::: How Nanoparticles are Introduced into Mammalian Systems ::: Health Threats ::: Nanomaterials and Biotoxicity ::: Iron Oxide ::: Titanium Dioxide ::: Dark Studies ::: UV Irradiation Studies ::: ::: ::: Other Metal Oxides ::: ::: ::: Conclusions ::: Acknowledgment


The Extraction and, Purification of Urinary Œstrogens


Study of K, L and M inner-shell ionization by proton impact


Persistent Photoconductivity of Solution-Grown ZnO–Based UV Detectors


The analysis of the influence phosphorus compounds on the refining processes


EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON OPERATION OF 4TH GENERATION OF ZIEGLER- NATTA CATALYST IN SLURRY POLYMERIZATION OF PROPENE


1,1,4,4-Tetranitrobutane-2,3-diol and its derivatives. 3. Synthesis of 1,4-dichloro- and 1,4-dibromo-1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane-2,3-diol dinitrates and their crystalline structure

Abstract: 1,4-Dichloro- (1) and 1,4-dibromo-1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane-2,3-diol dinitrates (2) were synthesized by nitration of the corresponding diols with a mixture of trifluoroacetic anhydride and nitric acid. The x-ray diffraction investigations of 1 and 2 that have been carried out showed the influence of the intramolecular interactions of the nitro and nitrate groups on the packing of the molecules in the crystal.

Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of chemical science


Study on the effect of methyl bromide and metham sodium fumigation on the soil protozoan community in a greenhouse environment


The course in time of the field strength and the ion concentration in the spark discharge

Abstract: The course in time of ion concentration and field strength in a spark channel has been determined with the aid of time-resolved spectra. Using experimentally determined wavelength shifts of spectral lines, the field strength and ion concentrations are calculated from equations derived by Unsold and Holtsmark. In the spark channels of Mg, Zn, Cd and Hg, the highest field strength observed was about 600 kVcm for an ion concentration of about 1018 ioncm3. Using time-resolved spectra, the variation in time of field strength and ion concentration was observed. Maximum line shifts occur during the initial stages of each discharge, indicating that field strengths, ion concentrations, and Stark effect are at a maximum. With the passage of time the temperature of the spark channel decreases, as well as the field strength and ion concentration. Normal wavelengths are observed after the field strength has decreased below a certain limit.

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy


Fission products detected in Alaska following the Tomsk-7 accident


Treatment of silica for the needs of the electronic industry.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing


Titanium and iron oxides produced by sol–gel processing of [FeCl{Ti2(OPri)9}]: structural, spectroscopic and morphological features

Abstract: Abstract The first structurally characterised titanium and iron isopropoxide, [FeCl{Ti 2 (OPr i ) 9 }] ( 1 ), has been used as a single-source precursor for TiO 2 /Fe 2 TiO 5 composites prepared by the sol–gel route. Two distinct hydrolysis and condensation conditions were employed, followed by drying and thermal treatment up to 1000 °C. Product composition and oxide phase transitions were characterised by powder X-ray diffractometry and Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, Mossbauer and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopies. A mixture of nanometric-size TiO 2 (anatase, 3.6–5.8 nm) and amorphous iron(III) oxide was obtained up to 500 °C, while TiO 2 (rutile), α-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) and Fe 2 TiO 5 (pseudobrookite) were found at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, only rutile and pseudobrookite were observed. These results suggest that 1 behaves as a type III single-source precursor. Powders calcined at 1000 °C were analysed for surface morphology, microstructure and elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results suggest no phase segregation on a sub-micrometer level. Different morphologies were observed for the materials produced by the N 2 route, and this could relate to early crystal growth in an oxygen-deficient environment.


Open Aqueous Systems Exchanging Heat


Synthesis and characteristics of chemically modified chitosan membranes with sulfuric acid


Using "Blueprint Photography by the Cyanotype Process"

Abstract: Do you want to try the cyanotype process with your students? That's easy to do! Start with JCE Classroom Activity #19, "Blueprint Photography by the Cyanotype Process", by Glen D. Lawrence and Stuart Fishelson (JCE, 1999, 76, 1216A–1216B). In this ready-to-use activity, students create their own cyanotype paper and use it to make blueprint photographs in the sunlight. It's a great way to connect chemistry with art.


Optical and UV emission-line profiles in 3C390.3


The Application of Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Methods to Metabonomics

Abstract: The widespread availability, suitability, and high sensitivity of chromatography-mass spectrometry for chemical profiling analysis of multi-component biosamples are demonstrated by the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in all kind of biofluids or tissue and cell extracts. This review provides an overview of current chromatographic-mass spectrometric metabonomic methods and applications. The focus is on the description of global metabolic profiling techniques as well as on additional important aspects of metabonomics research such as sample pretreatment and information mining methods including strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers.


The production of self-assembled Fe2O3–graphene hybrid materials by a

Abstract: Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2009CB220102]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2010LKHX03, 2010QNB04, 2010QNB05]


Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents: Reactions near DNAPL and Enzyme Function

Abstract: The anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents is of great interest both for natural attenuation and for engineered remediation of these hazardous contaminants in groundwater. Compounds to be studied are carbon tetrachloride (CT) and the chlorinated ethenes, tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE) cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). The chlorinated solvents often are present as dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs), which are difficult to remove. Biodegradation of DNAPLs was previously thought not possible because of toxicity, but recent evidence indicates that under the right conditions, biodegradation is possible. Anaerobic biodegradation of DNAPLs is the major subject of this research. The specific objectives of this multi-investigator effort are: (1) Evaluate the potential for chlorinated solvent biodegradation near DNAPLs, (2) Provide a molecular understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, (3) Determine cellular components involved in carbon tetrachloride transformation by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain KC without chloroform formation.


Lithium and Signal Transduction

Abstract: Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that lithium is widely prescribed as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar mood disorder. An accumulation of evidences, resulted from the pharmacological studies of lithium, postulates several putative actions of this drug.10 These proposed actions include the inhibition of inositol monophosphatase, the modulation of GTP-binding proteins, and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3s. These proposed actions are induced in response to an acute administration of lithium. However, since a long-term administration of lithium is required to obtain optimal therapeutic effects, changes in neuronal gene expression that are induced by an activation of transcription factors may be involved in the clinical efficacy of this drug. Numerous molecular pharmacological studies have demonstrated that several signal transduction pathways, such as the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP-protein kinase A or 5-HT2A-calcium (Ca2+)-Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II, IV cascade regulate neuronal gene expression through the phosphorylation (activation) of a cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a major transcription factor in the brain. In this context, the regulation of the expression and phosphorylation of CREB is thought to be an important molecular target of lithium action.


STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE LIGANDS FROM DIETHYLENETRIAMINE

Abstract: A convenient synthetic route to diglycosylamines derived from diethylenetriamine and d-glucose, d-galactose, d-allose, or l-fucose is presented where the stereochemically pure product is easily isolated and crystallized as a hydrochloride salt. The diglucosyl diethylenetriamine analogue is characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the chloride ion is shown to stabilize the compound in the crystalline state. These ligands provide simple and efficient routes to various diastereomeric metal N-glycoside coordination complexes that are currently being studied by mass spectrometry.


Bonding studies of transition metal complexes

Abstract: Abstract The He(I) photoelectron spectra of the compounds MR 4 and M′R′ 4 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; M′ = M, Ge, or Sn; R = Me 3 CCH 2 ; R′ = Me 3 SiCH 2 ) have been measured. From these and published data the spectra have been assigned in terms of a localised bond model assuming a tetrahedral MC 4 framework. The highest occupied molecular orbital (MO) lies in the range 8 – 9 eV and is assigned to σ(M—C) or σ(M′—C). For isoleptic transition metal alkyls, the highest MO is very insensitive to the nature of the central metal, while for corresponding Group IVB complexes the expected decrease in first ionisation potential (IP) due to progressive decrease in electronegativity with atomic number is observed. Small inductive effects of the ligands account for the different IP's of silylmethyl compounds compared with neopentyl derivatives. Observed stability trends are not related to ground state electronic effects. Broadening is observed for the first band in the zirconium and hafnium neopentyls and this is ascribed to a distortion of the MC 4 framework to D 2 d .


Open circuit voltage decay transients and recombination in bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Abstract: The internal loss mechanisms in polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells can be fruitfully studied using open circuit voltage decay (OCVD). For OCVD transients of poly (3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells, we observe that the open circuit voltage as a function time t changes from initially being nearly constant to being proportional to ln(t) for most part of the decay before eventually decaying to zero. We demonstrate that the transients can be fully described over eight orders of magnitude in time using a simple model of decay based on a diode coupled to a capacitor. The fitting to the analytical model solution enables true determination of the diode ideality factor and saturation leakage current. The ideality factor is observed to vary between 1.52 and 1.68 depending on excess carrier concentration and temperature. The technique is used to isolate the diode current in presence of excess carriers, and hence to independently determine t...


축산폐수처리시설에서 발생하는 악취물질 배출특성

Abstract: This study was performed to obtain the emission characteristics of odor compounds generated from a livestock wastewater treatment process. The sampling of odor compounds was performed twice, on May 9 th and June 14 th 2006, at 4 and 5 sites in the boundary and source areas, respectively. The odor concentrations obtained from the air dilution sensory test ranged from 10 to 100 in the boundary area. Of the 5 source sites, the odor concentrations found at the pre-treatment building had the highest values, which were 14422 and 20800 for the first and second dates, respectively. To estimate the major odor compounds produced during a live wastewater process, the contributions of 12 odor compounds to the total odor were calculated from the concentration and odor threshold values of each compound. At the pre-treatment building and outlet of the activated carbon tower of the source sites, the contribution of sulfur compounds to the odor was 97%, and at the outlet of the biofilter that of NH₃ was 90%. The order of the contribution to the odor in the boundary area sites was; from highest to lowest: H₂S, C₂H?S, i-C?H 10 O, C₃H?N, NH₃. The correlation coefficient between the theoretical odor concentration from the odor threshold of 12 odor compounds and that obtained from the air dilution sensory test was 0.73. This result indicated a limit to the correct analysis of the odor concentration obtained from the air dilution sensory test when only 12 odorous compounds at a livestock wastewater treatment process are used. The odor removal efficiency of the deodorization facilities showed that for the activation carbon tower, the odor concentration was reduced to 4% and the contributions of H₂S, C₂H?S and NH₃, which were estimated to be the major odor compounds, were reduced to 20, 26 and 11%, respectively. With respect to the bio-filter, the removal efficiency of the odor compounds revealed an odor concentration of 0% because the major odor compounds were calculated as negative percentages.


R (Rapose) v Wandsworth London Borough Council


How to respond to climate change at the local level: A guideline for Turkish cities

Abstract: The overall aim of this project was threefold. By organizing workshops at the science-policy interface, the project wanted to: 1. Raise awareness for climate change in Turkish cities and the necessity to develop response action at the local level; 2. Further the exchange between different actors such as academicians, politicians, representatives from the private sector, and civil society as well as between Germany and Turkey in particular; 3. Work on the transfer of solutions to combat climate change at the local level.


Globalisation and education


Research Guides: INTD 205: Business Communication - Professor Von Stackelberg: Research Assignment


No. 8 Cultural and other relations - Mapping Central Asia’s relations with other Asian states

Abstract: Cultural relations between Central Asian and the other Asian states (defined here as India, Japan, South Korea, Iran and Turkey) mostly transpire through classic and modern culture imports, shared historical narrative, and cooperation in education. South Korea, Iran and Turkey have particular his-torical links, established through diaspora and linguistic ties. There are few shared cultural touch-points to speak of, and there is a lack of comment on human rights or other values. ::: Nevertheless, that has not prevented the identified powers investing in cultural relationships with the Central Asian states. The popularity and reach of the Asian countries’ cinematic industries into Cen-tral Asia is extensive. Countries have likewise sought to forge cultural ties by establishing cultural centres and funding educational institutions and scholarships. The presence of foreign media outlets in these Central Asian countries is significantly lower, leaving a more open space to non-Chinese or Russian sources of information and media. ::: It is unclear to what extent this has an impact on political relationships. Overall, there are few close or intimate leadership links between the countries. Likewise, diaspora seem to do little in bringing significant value to bilateral relationships.


A Study on the Reduction of Korea-Japan Trade Deficit in the Parts Materials Industry


A UN human rights convention for older Australians

Abstract: Older Australians lack guidance from and recourse to a dedicated, comprehensive, human rights protection framework. Consequently, they lack identity as rights holders. Accordingly, as individuals they are vulnerable to human rights violations.


VIRGINIA'S SUCCESS NO ACCIDENT


LibGuides: Careers: Internships & Entry Level


12. Professional Geographies


An Inquiry In To Chinese Alumni Attitudes Towards Their University of Pittsburgh Experience

Abstract: Over 300,000 Chinese students are studying in the U.S., making China the top country of international origin with 31.2 percent of all U.S. international students (IIE, 2015). In addition, 2015 saw a 10 percent increase in international students in the U.S., a statistic that underscores the assumption that globally mobile students regard the U.S. as a destination of choice (IIE, 2015). In the fall of 2015, 1,758 Chinese students were studying at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) (University of Pittsburgh Fact Book, 2016). ::: The number of Chinese alumni will increase as these matriculated students graduate from U.S. universities. However, Chinese alumni university philanthropy has lagged behind domestic and international alumni philanthropy (Zi, 2014). The need for private philanthropy is clear. Higher education in the United States is in a financial crisis. Decreased funding from state and federal governments combined with rising costs have led higher education institutions to enhance efforts to raise funds from private philanthropic sources (Pew Charitable Trust, 2015). ::: In order to develop a philanthropic relationship between Chinese students and their U.S. host institutions, it is necessary to understand their student experience. Very little is known about this population by university departments that regularly interact with Chinese students, including the Office of International Services (OIS) at Pitt. OIS works closely with all international students during their tenure at university and is responsible for securing a student’s Optional Practical Training (OPT) following graduation. Institutional Advancement (IA), the fundraising arm of a university, also has a vested interest in better understanding Chinese students. ::: This study employs a mixed-methods research design that employs a survey with Likert-style and open-ended responses. It asks Pitt’s Chinese alumni about their experiences as undergraduate or graduate students. The findings may help universities better serve Chinese students and develop strong alumni ties. The two key findings from this study found that predictors of Chinese students’ overall satisfaction and thus future engagement potential were (1) tied to students’ ability to gain work or career building skills through their classes, a university teaching experience, and/or internships, and (2) students’ satisfaction with their interaction with OIS is tied to the amount of time allocated to their appointments.


LibGuides: Carrington Library Home: Medical Administrative Assistant · Medical Assisting


Operating in a rough neighbourhood : Zimbabwe’s foreign policy in Southern Africa 1980-1990

Ubuntu : Journal of Conflict Transformation


The Ship Owner's Lien on Sub-freights and Personal Property Securities Regimes

Abstract: In the event of default by a head charterer, a ship owner may advance a direct claim under the bill of lading against the shipper for freight, with an alternative claim against the charterer to enforce the charterparty lien on sub-freights. With maritime-related insolvencies increasingly common these claims are important to ship owners as they provide another method of debt recovery. This article explores the contentious ship owner’s lien on sub-freights payable to the charterer. Clear guidance on the nature of the lien has particular importance in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and other countries where statutory personal property securities regimes are operated. Finally, the article considers the nature of the lien in the light of the policy rationale underlying personal property securities regimes.

Australian and New Zealand Maritime Law Journal


Treason as Attribution: The 'People's Democracy' in Hungary


Research Guides: MGT 400 - Ethics in Law, Business & Management: Case Study: Monsanto


The Future-Oriented Political Education in Jurior & Senier High Schools


Managing Ethnicity in African Politics

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics


E-literacy and Andragogy – a view through the Community Content Lens


Thoughts on the Detroit Bailout


Wages and Productivity: Structural Changes are Crucial to Understand

Abstract: Despite a tight labor market, wage and productivity growth remained low in the US in the post-Great Recession decade. Nominal hourly average wages rose by 2.6% in the US between 2016 and 2017, on par with post-Recession performance. Labor productivity growth averaged only 1.1% between 2007 and 2016. Between 1995 and 2007, by contrast, the average growth rate was 2.5%. Although cyclical factors may be partially to blame, there are several key structural features of the US economy contributing to diminished growth. Wage and productivity growth have been held back by persistently low inflation expectations, workforce demographics, and the shift in the payrolls distribution in the economy in favor of lower-wage sectors…


Photo: Barack Obama Love Child? Hunt Is On After John Edwards Scandal


Book Reviews: The Fifth Amendment Today


DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGGLOMERATION MODEL CONSIDERING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRMS AND HOUSEHOLDS

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers


Journalism and history: Either ‘patriotic’ or truthful


Fire in the East

Abstract: The year is AD 255. The Roman Imperium is stretched to breaking point, its authority and might challenged along every border. The greatest threat lies in Persia to the east, where the massing forces of the Sassanid Empire loom with fiery menace. There the isolated Roman citadel of Arete awaits inevitable invasion. One man is sent to marshal the defences and shore up the crumbling walls. A man whose name itself means war: Ballista. Alone, Ballista is called to muster the forces and the courage to stand first and to stand hard against the greatest enemy ever to confront the Imperium. This is an epic of empire, of heroes, of treachery, of courage, and, most of all, a story of brutal, bloody warfare.


Software Patent Protection Under the European Patent Convention


An update on model Ayush wellness clinic at president’s estate, India

Abstract: The Government of India has presented an expanded support of AYUSH arrangement of medicine and foundation of Indian frameworks of solution strength focuses. Taking this vision forward, the Rashtrapati Bhavan with help of Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India; set up the primary AYUSH Wellness Clinic (AWC) of the nation at President's Estate in July 2015. The AWC has treatment facilities in the surges of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. AWC takes into account the restorative needs of the President, authorities of President's Secretariat and occupants of the President's Estate. This paper exhibits a report on the achievement and the work done at AWC from its origin in July 2015 to January 2018. A sum of 82137 patients was counselled and almost 46443 gotten different treatments endorsed by the doctors amid this day and age. AYUSH mindfulness workshops are being directed for consistently. New activities in the year 2015 incorporate foundation of home grown garden at the AWC premises, assigned touch screen intuitive stand and beginning Skill-improvement and Internship Program for the occupants. New activities in the year 2016 incorporate Village out-achieve program and support in the Festival of Innovation at Rashtrapati Bhavan. As new activity in the year 2017-new therapies were added to the current administrations in Ayurveda wing, Yoga and Naturopathy wing and Unani wing; the therapists and bolster staffs working at AWC were prepared in First-AID and CPR and 22 research papers were distributed in peer evaluated indexed journals. Keywords- AYUSH Wellness Clinic, Unani, Sidha, Homeopathy, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India

International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine


Nowhere to turn: the protection needs of children defecting from criminal gangs


Old Nag’s Head Public House to remain on sale


Contradiction and Revision: Progressive Feminist Legal Scholars Respond to Mary Joe Frug


The contingent effects of asset specificity, contract specificity, and trust on offshore relationship performance

Abstract: Abstract Drawing on the perspectives of interfirm governance mechanisms, we develop a contingency theoretical framework that examines how contract specificity and trust interact with local suppliers' physical asset specificity and human asset specificity in shaping the relationship performance of offshore cooperation between local suppliers and global buyers. The empirical data for hypothesis testing were collected from a survey of 162 dyads composed of Chinese local suppliers and international buyers. The empirical results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between physical asset specificity and relationship performance, and this inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger when the level of contract specificity is higher. There is a linear and positive relationship between human asset specificity and relationship performance, and this relationship becomes stronger when the level of trust between the local supplier and international buyer is higher.


Laurel Buck, The spiral road : reflections of life journey and travel, turned pilgrimage


Consequences of Non-Recognition of State in Private International Law from the Polish Perspective


Call for Papers by IJPA for a Special Issue on Public Values

International Journal of Public Administration


NASA's private-public partnership faces challenges

Abstract: Despite reservations expressed by Congress, NASA has decided to continue with its controversial procurement approach to developing a spacecraft for transporting crew to and from the ... ::: Despite reservations expressed by Congress, NASA has decided to continue with its controversial procurement approach to developing a spacecraft for transporting crew to and from the ...


Intergenerational Wellbeing and Public Policy: An Integrated Environmental, Social, and Economic Framework


International Military Social Work Conference Keynote


Essays on the economics of unemployment and retirement

Abstract: This dissertation consists of three chapters that study issues related to unemployment and retirement decisions of workers.The first chapter examines the impact of additional pension benefits on the retirement timing of low-income female workers in Germany. Using administrative pension insurance records from Germany, it studies the impact of a pension subsidy program on retirement decisions of recipients. The kinked schedule of the policy allows me to identify the causal effect using a regression kink design. The estimation suggests that 100 euros in additional monthly pension benefits induce female recipients to claim pensions earlier by about 10 months. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the ratio of the behavioral cost to the mechanical cost of this subsidy program is 0.3, which is smaller than that of other anti-poverty programs. The second chapter studies the total labor supply effects of Unemployment Insurance (UI) for older workers – both at the extensive and the intensive margin. It documents sharp bunchings in UI inflows at age discontinuities created by UI eligibility for workers in their 50s. Using a combination of regression discontinuity designs and bunching techniques, we quantify the magnitude of these responses exploiting a variety of thresholds, kinks, and notches induced by the UI and retirement institutions. We estimate the total effect using a dynamic life-cycle structural model. Results suggest that the impact of UI extension on non-employment durations for older workers is almost twice as large as the impact for younger workers. The third chapter examines the impact of receiving written advance notification of layoff on the labor supply of displaced workers by exploring the California Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act. The California WARN Act, implemented in 2003, expands the requirements of the federal WARN Act. It provides protection to workers in smaller firms and at smaller layoff events. Using the Displaced Worker Supplement to the Current Population Surveys from 1996 to 2018 and a differences-in-difference method, I find that the displaced workers affected by the mini WARN Acts are 3\% more likely to claim unemployment insurance. Conditional on claiming UI, they are less likely to exhaust UI.


Importance & Significance of Language Used in Newspaper Headlines (An Investigation Based on National Newspapers of Sri Lanka).


Finishing What Quill Started: The Transactional Nexus Test for State Use Tax Collection

Abstract: I. INTRODUCTION II. BACKGROUND A. Due Process Limitations on Use Tax Collection B. Commerce Clause Limitations on Use Tax Collection III. THE CURRENT PARAMETERS OF THE PHYSICAL PRESENCE REQUIREMENT A. The Bright-Line Rule: Contacts by Mail or Common Carrier B. Vendor's Retail Outlets in the Taxing State C. Vendor's Personnel in the Taxing State D. Independent Contractors in the Taxing State E. Other Contacts IV. THE TRANSACTIONAL NEXUS TEST V. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION With the rise of large mail-order companies such as L.L. Bean and the Home Shopping Network, the mail-order industry in the United States is expanding rapidly.(1) Small businesses are facing increased competition as more and more consumers choose to purchase merchandise from mail-order firms.(2) This growth is, in part, attributable to consumers' ability to evade state sales and use taxes when mail-order companies do not collect them.(3) Local businesses, which must collect sales tax on most retail sales, are at a disadvantage to the extent that their customers cannot realize the same cost savings. In addition, states lose billions of dollars in annual revenue due to their inability to collect taxes on out-of-state sales.(4) This situation stems from the differences between sales and use taxes. Because the dormant Commerce Clause prohibits taxation of out-of-state transactions, states cannot tax sales occurring outside of their borders.(5) Therefore, to protect local businesses and state tax revenue, states that impose a sales tax on purchases made within their borders also impose a compensating use tax on outside purchases consumed within the state.(6) The subject of the use tax is an in-state transaction, the use of the product within the state, rather than an outside sale. The use tax thus "complement[s] the sales tax" by "fill[ing] gaps where the States could not constitutionally impose a sales tax."(7) States generally impose both sales and use taxes on the consumer,(8) but enforcing use tax collection is difficult. While states rely on in-state retail vendors to collect and remit the sales tax,(9) the Due Process and Commerce Clauses restrict their ability to impose a use tax collection obligation on out-of-state retailers.(10) Thus, when the out-of-state retailers do not collect the use tax, consumers can realize a savings relative to similar purchases made within the state.(11) Out-of-state vendors have resisted collecting the use tax on Due Process(12) and Commerce Clause(13) grounds.(14) These provisions of the United States Constitution allow a state to impose use tax collection obligations only on businesses that have a certain nexus with the state.(15) The Due Process Clause requires minimum contacts with the taxing state, while the dormant Commerce Clause requires a substantial nexus with the state.(16) Since Quill Corp. v. North Dakota,(17) only the dormant Commerce Clause substantial nexus requirement mandates that a mail-order vendor (also referred to as a "direct marketer") have a physical presence within a state before that state can require it to collect use taxes.(18) The existence of "`retail outlets, solicitors, or property within a State'" generally amounts to physical presence, but contacts solely by "`mail or common carrier'" are insufficient.(19) The Due Process Clause, according to Quill, does not require that a direct marketer be physically present in the state and, therefore, contacts by mail or common carrier may be sufficient to meet the due process minimum contacts nexus requirement.(20) The concept of physical presence, then, remains important under the Commerce Clause. However, Quill only clarified that contacts made solely by mail or common carrier, regardless of the extent of solicitation within the state, do not amount to physical presence.(21) This Comment explores the contacts that do satisfy the physical presence requirement. …


African peacekeeping training centres as bridges between doctrine and action


Feminist Discourse in Doris Lessing's and Lutfiya Al-Dulaimi's Fiction

Abstract: This work first defines the feminist movement and its waves in the West. After that, will follow a description of the feminist movement in the Soviet Union and the Arab world. Also in the first part, I will try to relate about the distinction between feminist literature and women writing finishing by selecting some literary texts as examples of feminist literature. The second part is about one of the famous English feminist writers Doris Lessing, taking her novel The Golden Notebook as the main example of feminist writing. I will focus mainly on the feminist discourse in the novel by exploring the political, religious, and social aspects in her writing. The third section is dedicated to analyze Al-Dulaimi's novel Ladies of Saturn, also focused on the feminist discourse on religious, political and social issues. I will try to identify the 12 ideologies that she may have followed. Also, I will reveal the messages in her novel meant for her readers. The last part analyzes and covers all common aspects from both novels, the similarities and differences in style of both novelists together with any evident and possible ideological influences on both writers.


Roman law in a nutshell


Political Psychology and the Study of Foreign Policy Decision Making


George the Third : a record of a king's reign


Symposium in Honor of A.D.Woozley--Law and Obedience(67 Va.L.L.Rev.,1981)


Oman’s New Oil and Gas Law

Abstract: The Sultanate of Oman brought a new oil and gas law into force in February 2011. This article is a brief survey of the contents of the new law, outlines the legal and regulatory framework that now governs Oman’s oil and gas sector and highlights the major differences with previous legislation. The main features of future concession agreements in Oman, relevant employment and environmental issues and the penalties that will now affect those who do not comply with the new law are also discussed.

Journal of energy and natural resources law


An Appeal to the Wise

Abstract: The Constitutional Council conquered, during the last 30 years, a leading place among the French institutions. Its visibility grew significantly, arousing spontaneous interpellations from common citizens. From a sample of mails sent to the judges of the Constitutional Council during the 1990s, this article draws up a first listing of the ordinary manners of how the institution is used. Via the categories of the expert, of the citizen confronting Justice, and the citizen taking the initiative of writing, it shows that at least three well differentiated types are implemented, which can be understood in reference to the perceptions of the nine wise men that the authors have, to the resources which they invest by writing, and to the retributionexpected from their initiative.


The Social Dynamics of Women Policing in Nigeria: Back Door to Equality


Italian universities during the first republican legislature: debates, projects, «minor laws»


Satellite Image Resolution Enhancement Using Image Fusion Method Based on DSW and TFT-CW Transforms


Distributionally Robust Counterpart in Markov Decision Processes

Abstract: This technical note studies Markov decision processes under parameter uncertainty. We adapt the distributionally robust optimization framework, assume that the uncertain parameters are random variables following an unknown distribution, and seek the strategy which maximizes the expected performance under the most adversarial distribution. In particular, we generalize a previous study [1] which concentrates on distribution sets with very special structure to a considerably more generic class of distribution sets, and show that the optimal strategy can be obtained efficiently under mild technical conditions. This significantly extends the applicability of distributionally robust MDPs by incorporating probabilistic information of uncertainty in a more flexible way.


Adult and larval photoreceptors use different mechanisms to specify the same Rhodopsin fates

Abstract: Although development of the adult Drosophila compound eye is very well understood, little is known about development of photoreceptors (PRs) in the simple larval eye. We show here that the larval eye is composed of 12 PRs, four of which express blue-sensitive rhodopsin5 (rh5) while the other eight contain green-sensitive rh6. This is similar to the 30:70 ratio of adult blue and green R8 cells. However, the stochastic choice of adult color PRs and the bistable loop of the warts and melted tumor suppressor genes that unambiguously specify rh5 and rh6 in R8 PRs are not involved in specification of larval PRs. Instead, primary PR precursors signal via EGFR to surrounding tissue to develop as secondary precursors, which will become Rh6-expressing PRs. EGFR signaling is required for the survival of the Rh6 subtype. Primary precursors give rise to the Rh5 subtype. Furthermore, the combinatorial action of the transcription factors Spalt, Seven-up, and Orthodenticle specifies the two PR subtypes. Therefore, even though the larval PRs and adult R8 PRs express the same rhodopsins (rh5 and rh6), they use very distinct mechanisms for their specification.


Gap Junction in the Teleost Fish Lineage: Duplicated Connexins May Contribute to Skin Pattern Formation and Body Shape Determination

Abstract: Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells. Gap junctions in vertebrates are composed of connexons, which are an assembly of six proteins, connexins. Docking of two connexons on the opposite cell surfaces forms a gap junction between the cytoplasm of two neighboring cells. Connexins compose a family of structurally related four-pass transmembrane proteins. In mammals, there are approximately 20 connexins, each of which contributes to unique permeability of gap junctions, and mutations of some connexin-encoding genes are associated with human diseases. Zebrafish has been predicted to contain 39 connexin-encoding genes; the high number can be attributed to gene duplication during fish evolution, which resulted in diversified functions of gap junctions in teleosts. The determination of body shapes and skin patterns in animal species is an intriguing question. Mathematical models suggest principle mechanisms explaining the diversification of animal morphology. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of gap junctions in fish morphological diversity, including skin pattern formation and body shape determination. This review focuses on connexins in teleosts, which are integrated in the mathematical models explaining morphological diversity of animal skin patterns and body shapes.


The sysfs Filesystem


Exploration of Unknown Spaces by People Who Are Blind Using a Multi-sensory Virtual Environment

Abstract: Exploration of unknown spaces is essential for the development of efficient orientation and mobility skills. Most of the information required for the exploration is gathered through the visual channel. People who are blind lack this crucial information, facing in consequence difficulties in mapping as well as navigating spaces. This study is based on the assumption that the supply of appropriate spatial information through compensatory sensorial channels may contribute to the spatial performance of people who are blind. The main goals of this study were (a) the development of a haptic virtual environment enabling people who are blind to explore unknown spaces and (b) the study of the exploration process of these spaces by people who are blind. Participants were 31 people who are blind: 21 in the experimental group exploring a new space using a multi-sensory virtual environment, and 10 in the control group directly exploring the real new space. The results of the study showed that the participants in the e...


Implicit memory for possible and impossible objects: constraints on the construction of structural descriptions

Abstract: Four experiments examined implicit memory or priming effects on an object decision task in which subjects decided whether structurally possible or impossible novel objects could exist in three-dimensional form. Results revealed equivalent levels of priming for possible objects after 1 vs. 4 5-s exposures to the same structural encoding task (Experiment 1) and when objects were studied with a single structural encoding task or 2 different structural encoding tasks (Experiment 3). Explicit memory, by contrast, was greatly affected by both manipulations. However, priming of possible objects was not observed when Ss were given only a single 1-s exposure to perform a structural encoding task (Experiment 2). No evidence for priming of impossible objects was observed in any of the 4 experiments. The data suggest that object decision priming depends on a presemantic structural description system that is distinct from episodic memory. Language: en

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition


Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP 012560 TITLE : Paul Trap Simulator Experiment [ PTSX ] to Simulate Intense Beam Propagation Through a Periodic Focusing Quadrupole Field 1


Maximal Thurston–Bennequin number of +adequate links


Rubber hand illusion induced by touching the face ipsilaterally to a deprived hand: evidence for plastic “somatotopic” remapping in tetraplegics

Abstract: Background: Studies in animals and humans indicate that the interruption of body-brain connections following spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to plastic cerebral reorganization. Objective: To explore whether inducing the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) via synchronous multisensory visuo-tactile bodily stimulation may reveal any perceptual correlates of plastic remapping in SCI. Methods: In 16 paraplegic, 16 tetraplegic and 16 healthy participants we explored whether RHI may be induced by tactile stimuli involving not only the left hand but also the left hemi-face. Touching the participant’s actual hand or face was either synchronous or asynchronous with tactile stimuli seen on a rubber hand. We assessed two components of the illusion, namely perceived changes in the real hand in space (indexed by proprioceptive drift) and ownership of the rubber hand (indexed by subjective responses to an ad-hoc questionnaire). Results: Proprioceptive drift and ownership were found in the healthy group only in the condition where the left real and fake hand were touched simultaneously. In contrast, no drift was found in the SCI patients who, however, showed ownership after both synchronous and asynchronous hand stroking. Importantly, only tetraplegics showed the effect also after synchronous face stroking. Conclusions: RHI may reveal plastic phenomena in SCI. In hand representation-deprived tetraplegics, stimuli on the face (represented contiguously in the somatic and motor systems), drive the sense of hand ownership. This hand-face remapping phenomenon may be useful for restoring a sense of self in massively deprived individuals.


Genetic Algorithm with virus infection for finding approximate solution

Abstract: Genetic Algorithm (GA) is modeling behavior of evolution in organic and known as one of method to solve Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). However, GA obtains solution by overlaying generations because of being based on evolution in organic. Thus, it takes a long time to find approximate solution. While, Virus Theory of Evolution (VTE) can evolve by virus infection. VTE characteristic has sharing of information among same generation. If new algorithm is using both these characteristics of GA and VTE, convergence speed would be faster than GA. Thus, this study proposes Genetic Algorithm with Virus Infection (GAVI). GAVI algorithm is Virus Theory of Evolution (VTE) to be based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). We apply GAVI to TSP and confirm that GAVI obtains more effective result than GA.

2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013)


Determinants of outcome in critically ill octogenarians after surgery: an observational study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND ::: The population in the UK is growing older and the number of elderly patients cared for on intensive care units (ICU) is increasing. This study was designed to identify risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients of >80 yr of age after surgery. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: We identified 275 patients, aged 80 yr or greater, admitted to the ICU after surgery. After exclusions, 255 were selected for further analysis. Multivariate analysis was then performed to determine the covariates associated with hospital mortality. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: The overall ICU and hospital mortality was 20.4% and 33.3%, respectively. Patients who received i.v. vasoactive drugs on days 1 and 2 had hospital mortality of 54.4% and 60.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that requirement for i.v. vasoactive drugs within the first 24 h on ICU [odds ratio (OR) 4.29; 95% CI, 2.35-7.84, P<0.001] and requirement for i.v. vasoactive drugs for a further 24 h (OR 3.63; 95% CI, 1.58-8.37, P<0.01) were associated with hospital mortality. The requirement for i.v. vasoactive drugs was also strongly associated with hospital mortality in all the subgroups studied (elective surgery, emergency surgery, and emergency laparotomy). ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: For patients aged 80 yr and more, admitted to ICU after surgery, the requirement for i.v. vasoactive drugs in the first and second 24 h was the strongest predictor of hospital mortality.


GRAPHS WITH 4-STEINER CONVEX BALLS

Abstract: Recently a new graph convexity was introduced, arising from Steiner intervals in graphs that are a natural generalization of geodesic intervals. The Steiner tree of a set $W$ on $k$ vertices in a connected graph $G$ is a tree with the smallest number of edges in $G$ that contains all vertices of $W$. The Steiner interval $I(W)$ of $W$ consists of all vertices in $G$ that lie on some Steiner tree with respect to $W$. Moreover, a set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is $k$-Steiner convex, denoted $g_k$-convex, if the Steiner interval $I(W)$ of every set $W$ on $k$ vertices is contained in $S$. In this paper we consider two types of local convexities. In particular, for every $k > 3$, we characterize graphs with $g_k$-convex closed neighborhoods around all vertices of the graph. Then we follow with a characterization of graphs with $g_4$-convex closed neighborhoods around all $g_4$-convex sets of the graph.


Coase and Bertrand on Lighthouses

Abstract: Coase (Journal of Low and Economics 17(2):185-213, 1974) failed to appreciate that the construction and maintenance of nineteenth-century lighthouses were in part financed by British taxpayers. Bertrand (Cambridge Journal of Economics 30:389-402, 2006) rightly calls him to account. While agreeing with Bertrand’s conclusion, we dispute her reasoning and argue that lighthouses nevertheless could have been supplied by the private sector.


A novel automatic regulatory device for continuous bladder irrigation based on wireless sensor in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate: A prospective investigation

Abstract: Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common progressive disease in aging men, which leads to a significant impact on daily lives of patients. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) is a supplementary option for preventing the adverse events following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Regulation of the flow rate based on the color of drainage bag is significant to prevent the clot formation and retention, which is controlled manually at present. To achieve a better control of flow rate and reduce inappropriate flow rate–related adverse effects, we designed an automatic flow rate controller for CBI applied with wireless sensor and evaluated its clinical efficacy. Methods:The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in patients receiving the novel automatic bladder irrigation post-TURP in the experimental group compared with controls receiving traditional bladder irrigation in the control group. Results:A total of 146 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups—the experimental group (n = 76) and the control group (n = 70). The mean irrigation volume of the experimental group (24.2 ± 3.8 L) was significantly lower than that of the controls (54.6 ± 5.4 L) (P < 0.05). Patients treated with automatic irrigation device had significantly decreased incidence of clot retention (8/76) and cystospasm (12/76) compared to controls (21/70; 39/70, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to irrigation time (28.6 ± 2.7 vs 29.5 ± 3.4 hours, P = 0.077). Conclusion:The study suggests that the automatic regulating device applied with wireless sensor for CBI is safe and effective for patients after TURP. However, studies with a large population of patients and a long-term follow-up should be conducted to validate our findings.


Accessing Fellow Academics as Research Participants: Constraints, Collegiality, and “Academic Citizenship”

Abstract: In this paper I discuss some constraints and implications in accessing fellow academics as research participants, a topic that has rarely been addressed thus far in the literature. I will point out that a lack of cooperation from fellow academics may defeat our research purposes, and will survey some studies involving U.S., European, and Chinese academics as research participants to illustrate education researchers’ efforts to work with fellow academics against the odds. By referencing my personal experience of engaging with Chinese academics, I will then discuss the role of personal contacts in research and reflect upon various constraints in accessing fellow academics as research participants. I will suggest that, when we do participate in a fellow researcher’s project, the incentive is a desire to support our peers in the spirit of “academic citizenship.”