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56cf566aaab44d1400b89042 | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | Along with Cornell University, what institution is involved in the building of Cornell Tech? | {
"text": [
"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology"
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268
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56cf566aaab44d1400b89043 | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | What is the cost to build Cornell Tech? | {
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"US$2 billion"
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56cf566aaab44d1400b89044 | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | On what island is Cornell Tech located? | {
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"Roosevelt Island"
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56cf566aaab44d1400b89045 | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014? | {
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"US$30 million"
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56cf566aaab44d1400b89046 | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters? | {
"text": [
"65,000"
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56cff61d234ae51400d9c17f | New_York_City | The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a U... | In 2011, what school was built on Roosevelt Island? | {
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"Cornell Tech"
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375
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} | [
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56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e2 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe? | {
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56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e3 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius? | {
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56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e4 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy? | {
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"photosynthesis"
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56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef5 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | How much of the earth is covered by oceans? | {
"text": [
"about 71%"
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78
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} | [
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56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef6 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the cause of atmospheric circulation? | {
"text": [
"Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises"
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56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef7 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds? | {
"text": [
"When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds"
],
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} | [
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56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef8 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? | {
"text": [
"The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection"
],
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394
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56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef9 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called? | {
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56ce5ce6aab44d1400b886f5 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from? | {
"text": [
"the Sun"
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436
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56cfc773234ae51400d9bf53 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | How are solar technologies defined? | {
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56cfc773234ae51400d9bf54 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active? | {
"text": [
"depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight"
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73
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56cfc773234ae51400d9bf55 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun? | {
"text": [
"geothermal and tidal"
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389
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56cfc773234ae51400d9bf56 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun? | {
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"direct or indirect"
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449
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56ce5e92aab44d1400b88709 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems? | {
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56cfe96c234ae51400d9c091 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water? | {
"text": [
"sunlight"
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28
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56cfe96c234ae51400d9c092 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes? | {
"text": [
"60 to 70% of the domestic hot water"
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56cfe96c234ae51400d9c093 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What is a common type of solar water heater? | {
"text": [
"evacuated tube collectors"
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56cfe96c234ae51400d9c094 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools? | {
"text": [
"unglazed plastic collectors"
],
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381
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56ce5ff2aab44d1400b88711 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass? | {
"text": [
"Thermal"
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0
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56cfee97234ae51400d9c103 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What is thermal mass? | {
"text": [
"any material that can be used to store heat"
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56cfee97234ae51400d9c104 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What are typical thermal mass material? | {
"text": [
"stone, cement and water"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} | [
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56cfee97234ae51400d9c105 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool? | {
"text": [
"by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} | [
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56cfee97234ae51400d9c106 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass? | {
"text": [
"climates"
],
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211
]
} | [
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56cfee97234ae51400d9c107 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What does thermal mass reduce the need for? | {
"text": [
"auxiliary heating and cooling equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} | [
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56ce602faab44d1400b88713 | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | What kind of system is a solar chimney? | {
"text": [
"passive solar ventilation"
],
"answer_start": [
59
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} | [
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56cff05a234ae51400d9c11d | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | What is a solar chimney? | {
"text": [
"a passive solar ventilation system"
],
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57
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} | [
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56cff05a234ae51400d9c11e | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | What is a solar chimney made of? | {
"text": [
"a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building"
],
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104
]
} | [
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56cff05a234ae51400d9c11f | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved? | {
"text": [
"by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses"
],
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304
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56ce6232aab44d1400b8871d | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes? | {
"text": [
"114"
],
"answer_start": [
273
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} | [
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56ce6232aab44d1400b8871e | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems? | {
"text": [
"more"
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]
} | [
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56cff819234ae51400d9c1a9 | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies? | {
"text": [
"parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors"
],
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41
]
} | [
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56cff819234ae51400d9c1aa | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What was the first commercial solar concentrating system? | {
"text": [
"Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA"
],
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194
]
} | [
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56cff819234ae51400d9c1ab | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy? | {
"text": [
"use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water"
],
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686
]
} | [
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56cff819234ae51400d9c1ac | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity? | {
"text": [
"Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks"
],
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913
]
} | [
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56cff819234ae51400d9c1ad | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are Unglazed transpired collectors? | {
"text": [
"perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air"
],
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1178
]
} | [
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56ce66e4aab44d1400b8875d | Solar_energy | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what? | {
"text": [
"a working fluid"
],
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491
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} | [
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56d07c41234ae51400d9c31e | Solar_energy | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use? | {
"text": [
"lenses or mirrors and tracking systems"
],
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44
]
} | [
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56d07c41234ae51400d9c31f | Solar_energy | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for? | {
"text": [
"a heat source for a conventional power plant"
],
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174
]
} | [
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56d07c41234ae51400d9c320 | Solar_energy | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies? | {
"text": [
"the Stirling dish"
],
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360
]
} | [
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56d07c41234ae51400d9c321 | Solar_energy | Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the ... | What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common? | {
"text": [
"a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight"
],
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491
]
} | [
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56ce6ea0aab44d1400b88785 | Solar_energy | The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortabl... | Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design? | {
"text": [
"Megaron House"
],
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351
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} | [
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56d08052234ae51400d9c32c | Solar_energy | The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortabl... | What is a common feature of passive solar architecture? | {
"text": [
"orientation relative to the Sun"
],
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54
]
} | [
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56d08052234ae51400d9c32d | Solar_energy | The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortabl... | What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment? | {
"text": [
"well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range"
],
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279
]
} | [
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56d08052234ae51400d9c32e | Solar_energy | The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortabl... | What is an example of passive solar design? | {
"text": [
"Socrates' Megaron House"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} | [
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56d08052234ae51400d9c32f | Solar_energy | The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortabl... | What kind of equipment can improve system performance? | {
"text": [
"pumps, fans and switchable windows"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} | [
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56ce6efbaab44d1400b88787 | Solar_energy | Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natura... | UHI is an abbreviation of what? | {
"text": [
"Urban heat islands"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | [
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56ce6efbaab44d1400b88788 | Solar_energy | Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natura... | A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius? | {
"text": [
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597
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56d0817d234ae51400d9c334 | Solar_energy | Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natura... | What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called? | {
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56d0817d234ae51400d9c335 | Solar_energy | Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natura... | What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials? | {
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56d0817d234ae51400d9c336 | Solar_energy | Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natura... | What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands? | {
"text": [
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56ce759eaab44d1400b887b9 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years? | {
"text": [
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56ce759eaab44d1400b887ba | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h? | {
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56d0880f234ae51400d9c350 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What is The World Solar Challenge? | {
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56d0880f234ae51400d9c351 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | When was The World Solar Challenge started? | {
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56d0880f234ae51400d9c352 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987? | {
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56d0880f234ae51400d9c353 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007? | {
"text": [
"90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)"
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56d0880f234ae51400d9c354 | Solar_energy | Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winn... | What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles? | {
"text": [
"The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge"
],
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56ce7645aab44d1400b887c9 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet? | {
"text": [
"40"
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56ce7645aab44d1400b887ca | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power? | {
"text": [
"Solar Impulse"
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963
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} | [
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56d089e6234ae51400d9c360 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made? | {
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56d089e6234ae51400d9c361 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | When was the first solar powered manned flight made? | {
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56d089e6234ae51400d9c362 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? | {
"text": [
"July 1981"
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421
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} | [
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56d089e6234ae51400d9c363 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990? | {
"text": [
"California to North Carolina"
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480
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} | [
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56d089e6234ae51400d9c364 | Solar_energy | In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by p... | How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air? | {
"text": [
"36 hours"
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} | [
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56ce79c4aab44d1400b887e1 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shif... | In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy? | {
"text": [
"heat"
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} | [
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56d09004234ae51400d9c38e | Solar_energy | Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shif... | What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat? | {
"text": [
"Thermal mass systems"
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56d09004234ae51400d9c38f | Solar_energy | Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shif... | What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems? | {
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56d09004234ae51400d9c390 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shif... | What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system? | {
"text": [
"reduce overall heating and cooling requirements"
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56ce7a03aab44d1400b887e3 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media? | {
"text": [
"thermal"
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56ce7a03aab44d1400b887e4 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where? | {
"text": [
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56d09106234ae51400d9c394 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | What are some examples of phase change materials? | {
"text": [
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56d09106234ae51400d9c395 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials? | {
"text": [
"64 °C or 147 °F"
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56d09106234ae51400d9c396 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt? | {
"text": [
"Dover House"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} | [
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0.0617... |
56d09106234ae51400d9c397 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | Why are salts good for thermal storage? | {
"text": [
"they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} | [
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0.0617... |
56d09106234ae51400d9c398 | Solar_energy | Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heatin... | How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts? | {
"text": [
"1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} | [
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0.0617... |
56ce7c26aab44d1400b887fb | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies? | {
"text": [
"1973"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | [
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0.034294307231903076,
0.0656253844499588,
0.067147... |
56d097fb234ae51400d9c3ae | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s? | {
"text": [
"The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis"
],
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0
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} | [
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0.067147... |
56d097fb234ae51400d9c3af | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology? | {
"text": [
"the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | [
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0.0656253844499588,
0.067147... |
56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b0 | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US? | {
"text": [
"SERI, now NREL"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} | [
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0.067147... |
56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b1 | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan? | {
"text": [
"NEDO"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} | [
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0.067147... |
56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b2 | Solar_energy | The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Ot... | What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany? | {
"text": [
"Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} | [
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0.067147... |
56d8d5babfea0914004b7735 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used? | {
"text": [
"a chartered Air China Airbus A330"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | [
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0.... |
56d8d5babfea0914004b7736 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | What color was the chartered plane? | {
"text": [
"red and yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | [
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0.... |
56d8d5babfea0914004b7737 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | When was it decided that Air China would be the official torch carrier? | {
"text": [
"March 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} | [
0.039387814700603485,
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0.... |
56d8d5babfea0914004b7739 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | How many days did the plane travel? | {
"text": [
"130 days"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} | [
0.039387814700603485,
0.0952281653881073,
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-0.08628977835178375,
0.... |
56dafc53e7c41114004b4c07 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | What type of aircraft did the Torch team travel in? | {
"text": [
"Airbus A330"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | [
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0.... |
56dafc53e7c41114004b4c08 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | What colors was the aircraft painted? | {
"text": [
"red and yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | [
0.03938779607415199,
0.09522813558578491,
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0.... |
56dafc53e7c41114004b4c09 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | What was the name of the airline that transported the Olympic Torch? | {
"text": [
"Air China"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | [
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0.09522813558578491,
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0.... |
56dafc53e7c41114004b4c0a | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | How many days did the plane travel with the Torch team? | {
"text": [
"130"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} | [
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0.09522813558578491,
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0.... |
56dafc53e7c41114004b4c0b | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | How many different places were visited by the aircraft taking the Torch team? | {
"text": [
"21"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} | [
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0.... |
56ddcf2b66d3e219004dacf5 | Institute_of_technology | In Canada, there are Affiliate Schools, Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate Schools are polytechnic ... | What are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in Canada? | {
"text": [
"Affiliate Schools"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | [
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0.04903483763337135,
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56ddd3909a695914005b95fc | Institute_of_technology | EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands. | What institution is in charge of tracking volcanic activity in the Galápagos Islands? | {
"text": [
"The Geophysics Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} | [
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0.... |
56ddd5259a695914005b95fe | Institute_of_technology | The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irrradiation factilities like cobalt-60 source and Electron beam processing. | EPN's Nuclear Science Department is among how many of its kind in Ecuador? | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | [
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0.0087... |
56ddd6da66d3e219004dad1d | Institute_of_technology | Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development. | If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal? | {
"text": [
"the country's development"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | [
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0.01318709272891283,
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0.06656... |
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