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value | post_id stringlengths 5 7 | score int64 0 47.9k | link_flair_text stringlengths 0 63 | is_self bool 1
class | over_18 bool 2
classes | upvote_ratio float64 0 1 | post_content stringlengths 0 29.7k | C1 dict | C2 dict | C3 dict | C4 dict | C5 dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ELI5: relearning technology/compsci | explainlikeimfive | wdb1vv | 1 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.57 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiheq9b",
"comment_text": [
"You’ll alway be a tech. Wether or not you choose to get paid for it is your choice. \nWe all punch and kick our way through problems. \nWe sometimes sleep on it and figure it out the next day. \nSometimes we are meticulous like NASA rocket surgeons. \nSo don’t b... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiheq9b",
"comment_text": [
"You’ll alway be a tech. Wether or not you choose to get paid for it is your choice. \nWe all punch and kick our way through problems. \nWe sometimes sleep on it and figure it out the next day. \nSometimes we are meticulous like NASA rocket surgeons. \nSo don’t b... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiheq9b",
"comment_text": [
"You’ll alway be a tech. Wether or not you choose to get paid for it is your choice. \nWe all punch and kick our way through problems. \nWe sometimes sleep on it and figure it out the next day. \nSometimes we are meticulous like NASA rocket surgeons. \nSo don’t b... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiheyia",
"comment_text": [
"you know, that's a fair point and you're probably right. but i'd like to fight smarter rather than harder. i need workbooks and practice, not more anger"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iihfr5n",
"comment_text": [
"You build a foundation of knowledge and go from that in any career. If you have no certifications, then get some to start. \nIf you have certifications, then just start working. \nThe rest will fall into place. ",
"If you just want to be a barista, do that. ... | |
ELI5: Why is so hard to not think negative thoughts? | explainlikeimfive | bau6wl | 8 | Psychology | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ekdzfne",
"comment_text": [
"We get used to everything, we don't appreciate what we have. Positive things are rooted in what we have, negative things in what we can't have."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_eke03lq",
"comment_text": [
"This is known to psychologists as \"negative intrusive thoughts\" and it is an area of active research.",
"It's an issue which affects different people to different degrees. Nearly constantly negative intrusive thoughts becomes ",
" which is a hallmark s... | {
"comment_id": "t1_eke15po",
"comment_text": [
"For what it's worth - trying to actively stop or avoid negative thoughts is shown to ",
" how often they appear. It's much more effective to distract yourself by performing a task, or to get your language center too busy for negative thoughts by reciting a p... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ekdzqpb",
"comment_text": [
"If it often gets overwhelming, so you can't sleep for example you should talk to a therapist. \nOther than that just be aware of your thoughts and consciously change them to something good. Use music or comedy, whatever is good to you. \nMeditation helps some peo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_eke0j20",
"comment_text": [
"I have panic attacks very often. I’ve been in therapy before but it always came back. Right now I’m trying yoga and meditation. But when I have negative thoughts I can’t stop them. I hope with time the meditation/yoga will help"
],
"score": 2
} | |
ELI5: Why do so many tribes exist alongside modern society? | explainlikeimfive | wdorcf | 0 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.45 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijmn4f",
"comment_text": [
"Some are. A famous example are the Sentinelese of a small island in the Indian Ocean, who have tried to kill everyone who has tried to contact them.",
"But most aren't. It's easy to think of different cultures, especially those very different from our own, as... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijk4k1",
"comment_text": [
"I’m sure they’re forever banished from the tribe itself",
"Not necessarily. Those tribes don't necessarily have a ",
" with modern lifestyles or with those who live them, it's just not how they, personally, live. ",
"Here",
", for example, is a tr... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijh869",
"comment_text": [
"In the past there have been problems with trying to \"civilize\" people with other lifestyles, and now its kind of frowned on. A lot of those people have no interest in changing. The ones who do usually go ahead and abandon their way of life. We, as a global soci... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik4748",
"comment_text": [
"As someone who's part of a tribe, my tribe doesn't exist 'alongside' modern society, it IS part of modern society, at least in my country as we make up about 16% of the entire population. I share a similar language and culture with other members of my tribe and t... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iikn70z",
"comment_text": [
"The distinction you're drawing between civilised societies and \"tribes\" is generally considered outdated and chauvinistic. The cultures you're talking about are all very different from each other, and most of them have adopted many modern technologies and have ... | |
ELI5: Why are there Two Hurricane Models, the European Model and the American Model when physics and statistics are the same everywhere? | explainlikeimfive | xmr8e2 | 299 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.86 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippjilw",
"comment_text": [
"Models as complicated as the ones used for predicting the behavior of weather systems are ",
" complex, and for a \"perfect\" model would require an immense amount of processing power, time, and an unrealistic amount of data to feed into the model.",
"Thu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipq5cag",
"comment_text": [
"The European model is generally a \"stronger\" model in that it makes less assumptions/more valid assumptions,",
"Listen, the European model is obviously deficient because Europe has only been hit by 4 hurricanes maximum. If their model was any good they wo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iprkmr7",
"comment_text": [
"All models are wrong, some models are useful. And \"useful\" isn't just a one-dimensional scale from \"good\" to \"bad\"."
],
"score": 87
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipqudc4",
"comment_text": [
"I'm sick and tired of Americans holding European models to American beauty standards. Both are gorgeous in their own ways."
],
"score": 76
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipptz1m",
"comment_text": [
"Physics is the same but we don't have a full understanding of atmospheric physics nor the ability to get all the right measurements",
"We know that strong upper level winds hurt storm formation, but how much? How strongly does that interact with the other 24 ... | |
ELI5 if rocks can't burn, how meteorites burn up and get consumed while falling to Earth? | explainlikeimfive | wcfyc5 | 0 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiceagh",
"comment_text": [
"Of course rocks can burn, who told you they couldn't? It all depends on what they are made of. Some elements only melt at very high temps, others at a lower point."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iicedho",
"comment_text": [
"They \"burn\" in the sense that they become hot enough to melt, and then the little bits of molten rock are torn off by the supersonic winds blasting over the meteor. It's not a fire in the sense of, like, wood."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iicehld",
"comment_text": [
"Rocks can burn, everything has a melting point and combustion point.",
"Meteorites are often have high metal contents raising thier melting point from the average silica based rock. The speed at which they move causes friction on the surface and begins to mel... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iice6xv",
"comment_text": [
"generally, the heat of entry is enough to cause most meteorites to fracture into smaller and smaller pieces, by the time they enter the atmosphere fully, they're pebble sized or smaller"
],
"score": 0
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iice9ce",
"comment_text": [
"When rock fall it pass through atmosphere which cause rock to burn up due to friction and pressure."
],
"score": 0
} | |
ELI5 If the universe is constantly expanding, how could the big crunch happen ? | explainlikeimfive | wdgtu3 | 8 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.83 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iii3ejh",
"comment_text": [
"The idea behind the big crunch was that while the universe was expanding, that rate of expansion would slow over time and eventually reverse. Like throwing a ball attached to an elastic band - it will travel for a while, but eventually slow and return to the poin... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iii5j4j",
"comment_text": [
"In the Big Crunch hypothesis the idea is that the there are two forces in play - an initial outward momentum of everything caused by the Big Bang and the small and persistent gravitation attraction trying to pull everything back in. Like a model rocket launched u... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik70he",
"comment_text": [
"Does the heat death say that once it's all done with, nothing else will happen forever? Because we need SOMETHING to have been \"before\" our big bang right?"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iilpx85",
"comment_text": [
"To the heat death part- there's nothing to suggest that anything happens in the Universe (at least on a material level) after heat death- given that there will be no usable energy. It will be very boring way before then, waiting for matter to degrade--- it will ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik7idf",
"comment_text": [
"Does the heat death say that once it's all done with, nothing else will happen forever? ",
"We don't know. That's all anyone can say about it.",
"Because we need SOMETHING to have been \"before\" our big bang right?",
"There was no before the Big Ban... | |
eli5: How do mosquitos survive on blood? I thought blood had no nutritional value? | explainlikeimfive | wccygs | 2 | R6 (False Premise) | true | false | 0.55 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iibvizr",
"comment_text": [
"Female mosquitos suck blood to produce their eggs. Blood has iron and amino acids that are required for that. Mosquitos actually drink plant nectar for their energy."
],
"score": 25
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iic0cmh",
"comment_text": [
"Your premise is false. Blood is full of nutrients. Blood is literally how our nutrients get to all our cells in our body. A diet of only blood is not sufficient for humans, but mosquitos also don't only eat blood, they eat other things, and specifically female mo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iibwgr5",
"comment_text": [
"Mosquitos will drink blood from mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. There's nothing special about our blood specifically."
],
"score": 8
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iibwm43",
"comment_text": [
"oh right. we're just the only ones that complain about it."
],
"score": 8
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iibvcbk",
"comment_text": [
"Huh?\nBlood is full of proteins. When dried it's almost all protein"
],
"score": 6
} | |
ELI5: What made the big bang happen? What was there before the deed? | explainlikeimfive | wc2dth | 0 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.33 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia4dxe",
"comment_text": [
"Unfortunately it's the same as asking \"What was Jim Henson thinking before he existed?\"",
"The question is mostly coherent. There are ways to investigate what Jim Henson was thinking while he was alive. There might even be some rare documentation of Jim Hen... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia2pw2",
"comment_text": [
"We don’t know what caused it, if anything caused it at all.",
"There was nothing before the big bang, since time started at the big bang."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia2uir",
"comment_text": [
"Nobody knows. One guess is that it originated from a black hole in another universe and pinched off from it, never able to make contact with it again. In the beginning there may not have been matter, or very little, but their must have been laws that created or h... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia3xw2",
"comment_text": [
"We don't know. Our current physics can trace back to a time about 10",
" or so seconds after the Big Bang, and we've got reasonably solid theories that take us back to about 10",
" seconds. But before that, our current understanding of physics runs into p... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia5sz1",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"Subjective or speculative replies are not allowed on ELI5. Only objective explanations are permitted here; your question is asking for speculation or subjective responses. This includes anything... | |
ELI5: if darker colors absorb MORE light, and lighter colors reflect light, why did indigenous people in Africa (and other very sunny places) adapt to have darker skin? | explainlikeimfive | wc7hag | 1 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.55 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiaybhf",
"comment_text": [
"Absorbing the light in the outer layer of the skin keeps the light from going into the deeper layers and causing problems like sunburn and cancer. When there is a lot of sun, you can use a small percentage of it to make enough vitamin D. With less sun, you need... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiaysda",
"comment_text": [
"Wouldn’t a darker skin tone be better to properly absorb vitamin D and whatnot from the less-available sunlight?",
"Vitamin D synthesis requires the absorption of ultraviolet light by the chemical 7-dehydrocholesterol. Darker skintones absorb ultraviolet ligh... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iib0on4",
"comment_text": [
"If I remember correctly its about the level of ultraviolet protection aspects of the darker skin tone. And not about heat absorption per se. \nWhiter skin lacks that UV protection and thus related diseases like skin cancer are more common among light skinned peop... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iibpvap",
"comment_text": [
"Reflection is usually a property of metals, not really a skin color."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidw8zj",
"comment_text": [
"Guess whe should have eaten more iron then :)"
],
"score": 1
} | |
eli5: Why can't we use microscopes like telescopes? They are just big scopes with really really REALLY good zoom power? | explainlikeimfive | wc36id | 0 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.11 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia6zj2",
"comment_text": [
"Microscopes might offer similar \"zoom\" to some telescopes, but they have a completely different focus. A microscope focuses on something very close, while a telescope focuses on something very far. You might notice with your eye, or a camera, that if you're f... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia6qbs",
"comment_text": [
"The reason you can't use a microscope as a telescope is because the main benefit of a big telescope isn't in magnification (though they do also magnify things), it's about the amount of light collected to make dim stars appear brighter. For that you need a wide l... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiaszhr",
"comment_text": [
"Naw that's also fair. Looking into it more while the light collection is important for astronomy, you still have land telescopes for like guns and stuff. So parallel light in = parallel light out would be more fundamental for a telescope."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiar1e3",
"comment_text": [
"The major difference between the two is about different focal lengths, which is a function of the shape of the lens. I'm pretty sure your standard, at-home telescope is just about magnification, not increased light collection."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiaa2a1",
"comment_text": [
"There’s a fundamental limit to how much you can magnify with lenses. Even a perfect lens can’t see things once they’re too small, limited by the wavelength of visible light, which at most is about 300-1100 nanometers. Anything smaller than 300 nm larger is litera... | |
ELI5: How do you drive up on a steep hill without drifting back? | explainlikeimfive | wc19rt | 0 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii9uufa",
"comment_text": [
"Keep slight pressure on the brake pedal until the engine overcomes the braking force. Release brake pedal. Much harder in a standard shift."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii9wy8x",
"comment_text": [
"Standard does tend to be a mix of vroom screech, or vroom clunk, and angry drivers till you figure it out :D"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia2ixf",
"comment_text": [
"Back in the good ole days, i would use the handbrake to keep me from rolling back while releasing the clutch until the car started to pull then release the handbrake."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia0y36",
"comment_text": [
"Absolutely terrifying to drive a standard in San Francisco! I did it one time as a very experienced driver (5+ years with a stick) and I was nervous the whole trip."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iia1xcp",
"comment_text": [
"I've driven San Fran roads many times. It takes some getting used to for sure. And not just the hills."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: Why the separation of schools for grades K-5/6-9/10-12? | explainlikeimfive | xjq6e1 | 1 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9sgc9",
"comment_text": [
"Most schools are grouped by age as the populations are too large, and having multiple k-12 schools is more costly than elementary, middle, and HS being separate. Also, the ages are so that students are grouped similarly- cuts down on bullying and avoids things li... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9raku",
"comment_text": [
"The separation of schools for grades K-5/6-9/10-12 is due to the different educational needs of students at each level. Elementary school focuses on basic skills such as reading, writing, and math. Middle school introduces more complex concepts and prepares stude... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9sgwt",
"comment_text": [
"I would add that it's not all split like that either. ",
"When I went to school it was K-3, 4-6, 7/8, 9-12"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9smcf",
"comment_text": [
"Agreed my school was a bit different too, K-8 then 9-12."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9sw66",
"comment_text": [
"And for me it was K-6, 7-9, and 9-12. The overlap is because the public junior high schools went 7-9, but private schools didn’t, so the high school has a small number of 9th grade students coming from private (mostly religious) schools."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: What is a "half life"? | explainlikeimfive | xjqyo4 | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9vzta",
"comment_text": [
"It's the time it takes for \"half of it\" to stop existing. ",
"So like say you have 200 pounds of something with a half life of 50 years. ",
"In 50 years there will only be 100 pounds of it. ",
"In 100 years there will only be 50 pounds of it.",
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9y6yu",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you so much!! This actually did really help :)"
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9x5r6",
"comment_text": [
"Imagine that every single atom of carbon 14 has a coin inside of it. And every 5,730 years, every carbon atom in the universe flips that coin. If it comes up heads, it disappears. Otherwise, it keeps existing.",
"Since there are so many such atoms, we can exp... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipa0gmr",
"comment_text": [
"The key is the probabilistic nature of the decay. Any atom has the same chance of decaying in any time period as any other atom. Weirdly, this means that there is no finite time when all the atoms will for sure have decayed. Even if you start with only one atom."... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip9weeu",
"comment_text": [
"This was a much better explanation than what I tried."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: Why is sports betting not allowed in all states? | explainlikeimfive | xjfpgs | 0 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.33 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip82hti",
"comment_text": [
"Because some states have laws against it. ",
"I mean, it's really just that simple. Gambling regulations are left up to the states to decide. Many states only allow gambling in certain areas, such as racetracks or Native reservations, so allowing online sport... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip855gt",
"comment_text": [
"I get that, but does one side of politics care more? I mean in Texas the lotto is fine but there’s no gambling, but you can bet horse races. Just seems dumb and was curious if there was a solid core reason states give for not allowing"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip8ca58",
"comment_text": [
"Lotto is different because the proceeds go to charity and to fund state operations. ",
"I wouldn't say \"One side cares more\", moreso that one side will have interests that promote it more at different points in the process. It all depends on which side has... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip83d4c",
"comment_text": [
"Gambling is entirely illegal in many states, sometimes with only exceptions for racing bets and social games on native American territories."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip83f92",
"comment_text": [
"Gambling can be a very destructive addiction. Governments occasionally restrict or prohibit potentially self-destructive behavior under the belief that it protects overall society."
],
"score": 1
} | |
Eli5: How can hackers try thousands of passwords to get into an account, but if I type my password wrong 3 times, I am locked out? | explainlikeimfive | wd53kn | 9,662 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.94 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiggvm9",
"comment_text": [
"Hackers rarely do this anymore, but when the do, it works like this. By compromising a system some other way, they get a copy of the password database. The password database contains all of the passwords used by the system, stored in an encrypted fashion. The ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iigijxv",
"comment_text": [
"Technically the passwords aren't encrypted, they are hashed (or salted and hashed). ",
"Encryption is a 2 way function. You can take plaintext and turn it into ciphertext (encrypted), and take ciphertext and turn it back to plain text (unencrypt).",
"Has... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iigkyxk",
"comment_text": [
"What you're describing is called a \"brute force attack\" and just about nobody uses those anymore.",
"That's one of the biggest reasons why those \"must contain at least one capital, a number and a special symbol\" password requirements are outdated and poin... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iigm3ap",
"comment_text": [
"In addition, a huge volume of users use the same email/password combo over dozens of sites for convenience. As such, it can become a master key for way more than just the one site. ",
"User at a college with lousy security has a breach, odds are good the pers... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iigkfnl",
"comment_text": [
"Salting should prevent the same password from being encoded in the same way, so a Rainbow table wouldn't work."
],
"score": 442
} | |
ELI5: Is it unhealthy to shower once everyday? | explainlikeimfive | xgszvy | 1 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.57 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iotp8y7",
"comment_text": [
"Showering everyday is healthy. ",
"If you wash your hair all the time though, it can mess up the natural oils in it (why some people need conditioner). Also if you dry your skin aggressively with a towel or use soap that's too strong you can dry out your ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iotoaf5",
"comment_text": [
"You can have 10 shower is ok"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iott0cd",
"comment_text": [
"Precisely.",
"Showering every day is not unhealthy. Showering every day ",
" however, is. Humans have been bathing regularly all throughout history despite myths about peasants only bathing once a month in the middle ages, but before relatively modern soc... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iotn4y0",
"comment_text": [
"My english isn't the best and I'm new to using this app. Does anyone know where I can ask such questions in a place where it's more suiting?"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iotps3p",
"comment_text": [
"Don't you dare shower 11 times though."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: Is there gravity underwater? | explainlikeimfive | xglud8 | 0 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.25 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosj1jr",
"comment_text": [
"Hi ",
"/u/redpie47",
"!",
"There is gravity under water. I am guessing you are asking this because we can swim in water? If so, the reason for this is, that water is more dense than a human body (with air in its lungs). Therefore, the gravitational fo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosiz2n",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, that's what keeps the water in the water. That's also why ships sink, and why there's sand/rocks at the bottom of water."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosj98j",
"comment_text": [
"There's gravity under people too."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosjeec",
"comment_text": [
"Yes. Floating is the result of the density of an object being less than the density of water. Rocks are more dense than water. Humans filled with air are less dense than water. Dense is like heavy. Less dense is like lighter in weight. #yourefive"
],
"scor... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosjgxh",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, it is why dense, heavy things sink to the bottom of bodies of water.",
"You don't notice gravity as much inside water because you are more or less about as dense as the water around you and you and the water gets pulled down by gravity almost equally."
... | |
ELI5 How is it that I still feel tired sleeping for at least 6 hrs from 2am to 8am? | explainlikeimfive | xgpphj | 0 | R2 (Personal) | true | false | 0.43 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iot4afd",
"comment_text": [
"No one says get 6 hours of sleep, so there's your answer. I just woke up from 8 hours, and can tell you that 10 pm to 2 am is not the same amount of time... Get some sleep"
],
"score": 11
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iot5n6y",
"comment_text": [
"Who says 6 hours sleep? I've only heard 8 hours, and even more if you're a child or a teenager. (also, 10:00 PM to 2:00 AM is only four hours).",
"Fact is that everybody is different and some people need more sleep than others. Supposedly if you go a few days... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iot6iza",
"comment_text": [
"It's called circadian rhythm . You sleep in cycles of deep sleep and lighter sleep. It will affect you if you interrupt certain times in the rhythm. That's why you can sometimes feel refreshed after sleeping 6 hours and other times you're tired after 8.",
"ht... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iot4sui",
"comment_text": [
"National Sleep Foundation guidelines advise that healthy adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night. Babies, young children, and teens need even more sleep to enable their growth and development. People over 65 should also get 7 to 8 hours per night."
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iot8vcr",
"comment_text": [
"Because 6 hours is not enough sleep. Most experts say we should be getting at least 8 hours. ",
"People seem to be misunderstanding OP here. OP is talking about 10pm VERSUS 2am, not 10pm TO 2am, and keeping the length of sleep constant at 6 hours."
],
"sc... | |
ELI5: How come the great filter theory almost always states there's only 1 filter | explainlikeimfive | xff45v | 2 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom7m3e",
"comment_text": [
"There could be. But a single filter would explain the observed lack of life in the Universe around us, so that observation doesn't make two filters any more likely than one in the way that it makes one more likely than zero."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom9jer",
"comment_text": [
"The idea is that “the filter” is one aspect of modern society that sentient life can’t get past. It’s not a combination of things, because if we only “kinda” blow ourselves up with nukes, then it was never really a filter at all. Just a speed bump. ",
"If we ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom84i7",
"comment_text": [
"I've never heard the Great Filter theory be described without the caveat that it could be multiple filters."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom7ne8",
"comment_text": [
"I've always taken the theory to mean any combination would apply. The point being that there are factors making expansion self limiting vs the possibility of continuous expansion being self perpetuating."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom899g",
"comment_text": [
"Well, societal collapse usually involves a number of factors"
],
"score": 2
} | |
ELI5: I didnt shake the burnt dtuff off my first cig. Is it likely for me to get cancer? My friend told me the white burnt stuff is the most cancerous part. | explainlikeimfive | xfghdf | 0 | R6 (False Premise) | true | false | 0.18 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomevcn",
"comment_text": [
"That's the ash and it is what is left after you've already inhaled the most cancerous part."
],
"score": 11
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomeygc",
"comment_text": [
"They mean they didn't ash their smoke as they smoked it, almost certainly this person and their friend are underage. They're also completely wrong."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomeygc",
"comment_text": [
"They mean they didn't ash their smoke as they smoked it, almost certainly this person and their friend are underage. They're also completely wrong."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomf288",
"comment_text": [
"No, the fertilizer and pesticide-laden plant matter and bleached paper you're setting on fire and breathing into your lungs is the most cancerous part. There's no magic way to smoke a cigarette that makes it less bad for you. Your friend is either full of shit, o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomgcb8",
"comment_text": [
"Rule #1 of ELI5 is to ",
".",
"Breaking rule 1 is not tolerated.",
"If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the ",
"detailed rules",
" first. ",
", please ",
"use this form",
" and we will review your submission."
],... | |
Eli5 why is the heart on the left side of the body? | explainlikeimfive | xfnpt9 | 0 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ionecud",
"comment_text": [
"It isn't always. There are people born with their heart and other organs on the opposite side to where they're generally found.",
"Isolated dextrocardia is where only the heart is on the opposite side of the body, and there are no other abnormalities with the... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iond6vu",
"comment_text": [
"Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone)."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iond6vu",
"comment_text": [
"Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone)."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iond6vu",
"comment_text": [
"Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone)."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iondlet",
"comment_text": [
"Yes it's left-centered"
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5-Why does the storm on Jupiter never dissipate? | explainlikeimfive | xfc1s5 | 3 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.64 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iolmxoc",
"comment_text": [
"It presumably will at some point, it just hasn’t yet in the several hundred years we’ve been able to observe it."
],
"score": 10
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iomh4o8",
"comment_text": [
"Think about storms on Earth.",
"Small clouds come and go in hours. Small storms might last a few days. Hurricanes can last a month or more as they grow, then dissipate. Bigger storms last longer - a lot longer.",
"The Great Red Spot is 1.3 times the diame... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iols1mn",
"comment_text": [
"And in today's weather we have a storm front approaching from the west that should last at least until 400 years from now, so close those windows and bring your pets in tonight, over to you Phil for today's traffic report"
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ioovwr5",
"comment_text": [
"Think about how far Earth hurricanes can travel over water compared with how quickly they weaken over land. Without the ocean to power and replenish them, hurricanes eventually burn themselves out. There’s no Florida on Jupiter to cut the GRS off from its fuel. W... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iolo6lx",
"comment_text": [
"A look at what causes the red spot and the distinct coloured bands or jets to appear on Jupiter. Why the red spot has endured since first being observed by Cassini and how ammonia ice crystals alter the colours we see on Jupiter. - ",
"https://youtu.be/9xsz1I... | |
ELI5 How do files on a computer require actual physical space? | explainlikeimfive | wcq6tm | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.4 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidxtrv",
"comment_text": [
"A file is indeed a text with a certain format and text can be sequenced in 1s and 0s (binary), so anything in a machine can be represented by a longass 0,1 string.",
"Imagine a light switch, it can be on or off and it'll let current pass through or block it d... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidxycq",
"comment_text": [
"Files on a computer take up physical space on the computer's hard drive. The hard drive is like a filing cabinet where all the files are stored. The more files you have, the more space they take up on the hard drive"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iie46h0",
"comment_text": [
"Basic:",
"Computers basically use a bunch of switches to store information.",
"Imagine you decided to use your house lights to remember arbitrary; when your bathroom light is on it means you need to go get groceries, when the hall light is on it means it'... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidxhy5",
"comment_text": [
"You’re basically taking unallocated space on physical material and allocating it to the file. The bigger the file the more that is allocated."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iie1ie1",
"comment_text": [
"This is true, but even in principle, even being total agnostic about storage method, information occupies a volume in spacetime and that volume has a limit. Even the most efficient storage system would ultimately need to occupy a volume that grows as the capacity... | |
ELI5: How do you check if a source is valid? | explainlikeimfive | wctf2t | 1 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiei80q",
"comment_text": [
"I don’t really know what you’re talking about but I’m assuming you mean research sources. The best way is to reference multiple studies on the same thing. But, they can’t be done by any of the same people or companies.",
"Most sources have some bias too, it’s... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiejy12",
"comment_text": [
"To check if a source is valid, you can look at the source's credentials, its publication date, and whether or not it has been peer-reviewed"
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iieke4h",
"comment_text": [
"Unfortunately, there's no master list of valid sources. Instead, you have to use your own judgement, but there are some things that you can check to make that judgement:",
"-Check other sources to see what they have to say. If there seems to be a consensus vi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiekf9t",
"comment_text": [
"Any reputable publisher or news source will include the name of an article or person that they used to write their own story. This way their peers can follow up on their claims to see if they come to the same conclusion. ",
"If your source is from a science/e... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiemjt5",
"comment_text": [
"Everything stated as fact should cite a source unless it’s something widely known. You go to that source and see what it is and what it actually says. ",
"Types of things to look for:",
"Is it academic research? Who funded it? Corporations tend to get wha... | |
eli5: How does our GPS system work so accurate in real time especially for moving vehicles | explainlikeimfive | wcxil9 | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iifcdyz",
"comment_text": [
"To add to the other explanations, GPS would not work without accounting for general relativity. The satellites are moving so fast relative to us that time itself progresses slower for them. If we didn't correct for this difference, your GPS would lose accuracy in... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iif8a2e",
"comment_text": [
"GPS was designed to work in fighter planes at over the speed of sound. Your car isn't a hard case.",
"GPS works by sending a very precise time and position message from a bunch of satellites. The GPS chip in your phone takes the measurements from 4-6 satell... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iifib1m",
"comment_text": [
"I think this is my favorite thing to tell people who thing relativity isn’t real."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiftmn1",
"comment_text": [
"It's funny, because relativity is one of the most robustly tested phenomena"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iif8t47",
"comment_text": [
"GPS works using time signals from satellites.",
"\nThey send out precise times, and knowing the satellites locations, and how long it takes to receive the signal can tell relative locations. ",
"This in itself can be relatively accurate with a good signa... | |
eli5: Why can we walk on earth even though it's moving really fast through space | explainlikeimfive | xff4ae | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.22 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom703a",
"comment_text": [
"We are moving the same speed as the earth. It’s like walking inside a moving train. Everything is all moving together."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iombkud",
"comment_text": [
"These are kind of saying the same thing. The Earth’s motion has synced your body’s mass to be part of the same frame of reference. Inertia is just your mass’ tendency to stay moving at that same speed. If Earth’s motion accelerated in a significant way, you could... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom72xz",
"comment_text": [
"We move at the same rate the earth does. It's like two sky divers falling next to eachother. From there perspective they aren't moving at all relative to eachother, the earth is moving towards them from a really local perspective. If we are moving at the same spe... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom7woa",
"comment_text": [
"Where would we fall to?",
"We only fall (down) because gravity is pulling us towards the center of the mass of Earth.",
"We are being pulled constantly towards the moon, and Saturn, and literally every other thing in the universe - but because the force d... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iom8und",
"comment_text": [
"He says, \"inertia\" and I say \"relative motion/frame of reference\""
],
"score": 2
} | |
Eli5: Why are companies making record profits in the midst of record inflation. | explainlikeimfive | wb797c | 3 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4xcjd",
"comment_text": [
"There’s a war going on. Can just blame putin for it all and raise prices on everything while not raising wages at all. Stonks."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4xvnn",
"comment_text": [
"Because they’re outpacing inflation. If I sold grilled cheese sandwiches for $2 and the ingredients cost $1 I’m making $1 profit per sandwich. If inflation caused my ingredient cost to increase to $1.25 and I changed my prices to $37 per sandwich I’m spending mor... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4yr07",
"comment_text": [
"Which is the big issue. People aren’t willing to pay this much for things like gas and rent but what’s the other solution? Being evicted and and defaulting on loans, losing your job because you can’t commute to work?",
"It’s all fucked"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4z9u3",
"comment_text": [
"There's a concept in economics called ",
", which is basically how much less of a good is bought as the price increases. Goods that are ",
" include life-saving medications, gasoline, and certain food staples. If the price of gas doubles but you still nee... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii50544",
"comment_text": [
"First, record profit implies it's some large amount, but in reality if a company made a penny more than their best, that's a record profit.",
"So record profits mostly means they showed more earnings than last year. Could be a penny, could be millions.",
... | |
ELI5 condensation | explainlikeimfive | wbamya | 1 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii5vguu",
"comment_text": [
"When you hang a wet garment up, where does the water go? It evaporates into the air.",
"Condensation is like the opposite process. It's water coming out of the air and turning to a liquid.",
"Warm air can hold more water than cold air. So, on warm days, y... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii5iwj4",
"comment_text": [
"Air has water vapor within it, and the amount of vapor the air can hold is related on temperature. Cold air holds less moisture, hot air more. ",
"If you have a glass that is very cold (because it's full of ice water) in a warm room the air immediately touchi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii5j5wa",
"comment_text": [
"When the warm ambient air comes into contact with a cold surface, in this case a cold container, the ambient air starts to drop towards the lower temperature of the container. This temperature drop causes the air to reach its \"dew point\".",
"The dew point i... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6ity7",
"comment_text": [
"The most important aspect is that the a/c is on, even on a cold day."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6ity7",
"comment_text": [
"The most important aspect is that the a/c is on, even on a cold day."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: Why are shows allowed to talk about WW1’s Germany | explainlikeimfive | wax6h6 | 0 | R2 (Legal) | true | true | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii3g2p5",
"comment_text": [
"World War One didn't have anything at all to do with Nazis. There were no Nazis at the time.",
"BTW, there are a lot of important stories that you can't tell without involving the Nazi party."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii3goi7",
"comment_text": [
"Nazis was WW2, not WW1.\nThere are different rules depending on the country as to what you can/can’t show.\nThere aren’t really any shows that show nazis in a positive light though, as this would go against broadcast regulations in some countries, for example Ger... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii3h0ke",
"comment_text": [
"World War One didn't have anything at all to do with Nazis.",
"Eeeh, debatable. While during the timeframe of WWI the Nazi party didn't exist, it was formed based on a disappointment of and anger at the Treaty of Versailles."
],
"score": 0
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii3xs6a",
"comment_text": [
"When did the war end?",
"When was the Nazi party formed?",
"You can 'debate' anything if you ignore facts."
],
"score": 0
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii46cfv",
"comment_text": [
"Saying that WWI had nothing to with the nazi party ignores facts. It's WWI and humiliation Germans felt after the Treaty of Versailles that led to the creation of the Nazi party. While small initially and its ibfluence growing during and after the Great Recession... | |
ELI5: Why does some shops have 1 button for the machine to accept both debit and credit while others have to ask you for the specific one or else it wont work? | explainlikeimfive | wcmld6 | 11 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.66 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidddj6",
"comment_text": [
"The places that have one button are likely just hitting your card as if it were a credit card regardless of card type. Places that ask are going to prompt for your pin and process it as a debit transaction.",
"The difference being timing of funds being trans... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidn50d",
"comment_text": [
"The extra confusing ones had 3 options: Debit, US Debit, credit. Good luck guessing correctly.",
"Thankfully that didn't last long."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidjdxw",
"comment_text": [
"Why do you have a button at all?",
"The only place I ever encountered the choice was in the US."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidms96",
"comment_text": [
"Some cards work with both, others work with only one or the other.",
"When Debit is selected, the merchant pays a lower fee. The machines that don't make you pick one are likely just automatically picking debit to try and save money at the potential cost of t... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iidjash",
"comment_text": [
"All of my amex cards start with a 3"
],
"score": 3
} | |
ELI5: How is alcohol so calorific if it takes energy to process and contains no macronutrients? | explainlikeimfive | wb2kf5 | 44 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.85 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii46q6c",
"comment_text": [
"Our bodies are designed to take sugars as energy and break them apart and digest them down into water and CO2. When we describe energy in molecules we use a base point as a place to make our measurements. So we can say that water and CO2 have \"0\" energy (becaus... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4ac36",
"comment_text": [
"Alcohol is technically its own macronutrient and contains 7 calories per gram but because it isn't essential for survival it's not typically mentioned with the other macros: protein, fat, and carbs."
],
"score": 41
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4iwy0",
"comment_text": [
"So the organisms we ferment alcoholic drinks with are a mixture of yeast (a fungus) and LABs (\"lactic acid producing bacteria). These organism are more than happy to use oxygen to digest sugar and get energy but they have a trick. Their trick is their cell build... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4ti7i",
"comment_text": [
"Well, alcohols are a group carbohydrates"
],
"score": 14
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii4xcol",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah, 'cause you'll be dead"
],
"score": 10
} | |
ELI5: can someone explain to me what short selling is? | explainlikeimfive | xkhwz9 | 1 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipe31xs",
"comment_text": [
"I borrow a toy from you, and agree to give it back next week.",
"I can sell the toy for $10",
"3 days later the price of the toy drops to $5",
"I can buy a new toy for $5 and then return that toy to you.",
"I just made $5",
"If instead the pri... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipe5bgr",
"comment_text": [
"How does it work when someone then borrows the toy from you (the borrower) and sells it as well? I hear about this happening in share trading and I don’t get it."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipe8ppo",
"comment_text": [
"Having the toy borrowed from you has no risk because you're guaranteed to get it back at an agreed upon time. There's also no benefit to having it borrowed from you as a result."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipdzrvo",
"comment_text": [
"The idea is that you're borrowing shares, seeling them immediately, and hoping the price later decreases by more than you're paying on margin. ",
"If it does, you can repurchase and return the shares for less than you sold them for, and pocket the differenc... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipe0bx5",
"comment_text": [
"Also worth mentioning the key difference between shorting and normal purchase of shares is risk. If you buy £100 worth of shares, the maximum you can lose is £100.",
"If you’re renting £100 worth of shares, hoping they go down, and they increase in price, you... | |
ELI5: If we have an extra day added every 4 years, then how come we are not noticing it? | explainlikeimfive | xk1cfk | 0 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.32 | If earth's rotation is 365,25 days this means that the first year December 31st at 23:59 will look like an early afternoon; on year 2 it will look like noon and year 3 it will look like a morning (since we have 18 hours to spare). | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipbbino",
"comment_text": [
"The Earth still _rotates) just the same around its axis making the day length, it is the _orbit_ around the sun making the year, we are correcting for. The earth does not complete the whole circle around the sun in 365 days, we need an extra day every 4 years to ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipbc9ca",
"comment_text": [
"That is not how it works.",
"A year is how long it takes the earth to orbit around the sun and a day is how long it takes the earth to turn once around its own axis in respect tot eh sun.",
"A year is not an whole number of days.",
"It takes the earth... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipbed0i",
"comment_text": [
"IF we always had a calendar with 365 days. The missing 5 hours and 48 minutes each year would add up over time and things like the beginning of spring would move around bit by tiny bit.",
"One of my underrated favourite things in history is Caesar making a su... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipbg7uz",
"comment_text": [
"And every 400 years we skip the skip. But that's as far as the skipception goes. Year 2000 was a leap year."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipbcqiy",
"comment_text": [
"Clocks describe the cycle of days, not years. At 11:59 pm on NYE (and every day of the year) it's night time, because that's what 11:59 pm means. A year and a day are two separate measurements of time describing two unrelated motions of the planet. ",
"What i... |
ELI5: Why is a Bootstrap Loader called a “Bootstrap” Loader? What’s it got to do with Bootstraps? | explainlikeimfive | xmraxv | 1 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.66 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippk5lz",
"comment_text": [
"It comes from the term \"Pulling yourself up by your own bootstraps.\" When starting a computer you need to initialize it to be able to load applications so that you can run the application which initialize the system. That is inherently impossible and just like ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippjpfv",
"comment_text": [
"It's a tongue in cheek reference to the expression \"Pull oneself up by their bootstraps\" which means to stand up unassisted."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippk12t",
"comment_text": [
"Tech was developed by the nerdiest of nerds. Who love puns and nerd jokes. It keeps things entertaining. Until you run into cases where it makes things impossible to understand for anyone but the person who wrote it."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippkp4p",
"comment_text": [
"The other commenter is correct except the portion of his answer which would logically make you ask what's tongue and cheek about it. Nothing. Nothing about it is ironic, flippant, or insincere. Bootstrapping itself up is exactly what that portion of the program d... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ippkrgx",
"comment_text": [
"Rule 2 forbids straightforward questions."
],
"score": 1
} | |
eli5: Is it possible to find the contact information of the members of wealthy families? | explainlikeimfive | wagqdd | 1 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii0qnpu",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not meant for any question that you may have, including personal questions, medical questions, legal questions, etc. It is meant for simplifying complex concepts.",
"If you would lik... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii0quoj",
"comment_text": [
"Bunch of different ways. ",
"For instance, say a family member owns a store/business and has contact info. ",
"In Florida, unless to request not to, you can look up who owns any property, so you can find family members if they own their home (and not th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii0quqp",
"comment_text": [
"Are they public figures like business owners or politicians? Then they likely have some way to reach them or their office. ",
"Are they just rich? Then probably not unless you can find their social media. Just being \"rich\" by itself doesn't make one a publi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii0vros",
"comment_text": [
"Elon Musk, Rothschild etc. I looked it up and a website claims to have their phone number but it looks fake."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii0wvae",
"comment_text": [
"These are business owners and executives. The contact info is probably for their office."
],
"score": 1
} | |
eli5: Do the lasers from smartwatches that measure your blood preasure etc have longterm effects on your body? | explainlikeimfive | xocjun | 0 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.09 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipy3ex4",
"comment_text": [
"I'm pretty sure you're just being paranoid and not used to wearing a watch... if those were lasers, there'd need to be a warning label, those are just led lights...",
"Lasers like pulse-ox sensors are controlled by the fda guidelines as they're classified as ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipy2zek",
"comment_text": [
"No they do not have any effect on your body whatsoever. Whatever you think you're feeling in your wrist is just psychological."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipy4nvx",
"comment_text": [
"If you've hand tendonitis in the past, the mere fact that the watch is pressing on your wrist might be the problem. You could experiment by letting the watch run flat and wearing it for a few days.",
"Another thing that watches in general can do is cause alle... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipy497s",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you i feel more relieved now :)"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipy4oxi",
"comment_text": [
"The battery might be radioactive though."
],
"score": 2
} | |
ELI5: Why do fast food burgers not fill me up, but ones made at home do? | explainlikeimfive | wg9d6t | 0 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.4 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiycpn2",
"comment_text": [
"When are you measuring the weight? Because advertised weight of burgers is uncooked weight, where a significant portion of the fat renders out and is not eaten. If you're measuring post-cooking, then you're adding 10-20% more meat than a fast food burger."
],
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyxkpf",
"comment_text": [
"So you're claiming the opposite of what OP observes?"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiz3qoo",
"comment_text": [
"Clearly, by reading like I’m 5. Thanks for the catch."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyevao",
"comment_text": [
"Fast food burgers are almost always thinner patties, Buns filled with sugar, and everything else is not as important. The buns that are practically more sugar than bread are the biggest factor if you ask me. And other comment went into the details of before/after... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyf4k9",
"comment_text": [
"Most fast food burgers are cooked on a flat top grill. When the fat cooks out of them it sits on top of the grill or sticks to the burger instead of dripping or burning away. Cooking 100’s of burgers a day leads to a lot of grease on the grill, and it’s very ea... | |
Eli5: How exactly do HR background checks work? Is there any way to confirm a previous job besides calling them? And if so, can they see any other jobs you may have worked at not on your resume? | explainlikeimfive | xomvdj | 90 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.93 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipzeu1f",
"comment_text": [
"Well, it's going to depend. They can call your previous jobs and verify employment. They can also validate any certifications or education you have. They can check social media presence.",
"Sometimes it might involve a credit check and/or criminal background ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipzgsab",
"comment_text": [
"They can only check on what you tell them. There is no master list of previous jobs. So if you don't tell them about the burger flipping job you had in highschool or even the last job you had they will likely not know about it.",
"Credit and criminal is a d... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipziv15",
"comment_text": [
"I have received an employment verification call many times.",
"“Can you verify that John Doe worked at [Place] from X date to Y date?”",
"“Yes”",
"“Thanks”",
"End of call"
],
"score": 25
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipznk09",
"comment_text": [
"This is right. They may call your previous jobs, or they may not. They are typically more likely to call your references. Some places, depending on the industry or company, will do criminal background checks in which anything that has not been expunged will be vi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipzrxqt",
"comment_text": [
"Apple famously will not confirm or provide any job title so if you ever worked there you are free to select any title that appeals to you."
],
"score": 15
} | |
Eli5: Why has it taken so many years for the civil suit against Alex Jones by the Sandy Hook Families to happen? | explainlikeimfive | wg8ste | 24 | R2 (Recent/Current Events) | true | false | 0.81 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyagt9",
"comment_text": [
"Alex Jones has been actively delaying it. He has:",
"under suspicious circumstances"
],
"score": 47
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiya1e7",
"comment_text": [
"I'd like to live in a society where someone who knows better can't instigate nationwide harassment toward families whose children were murdered without consequence."
],
"score": 46
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyaud5",
"comment_text": [
"They didn't sue him for saying mean or stupid things. They sued him for defamation. Big difference."
],
"score": 31
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiyaud5",
"comment_text": [
"They didn't sue him for saying mean or stupid things. They sued him for defamation. Big difference."
],
"score": 31
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiybffl",
"comment_text": [
"This is all what makes the copy of his phone thing so sweet. Much of what you described is likely on there."
],
"score": 21
} | |
Eli5 Why do people consider Jordan Peterson offensive? | explainlikeimfive | wfqgn7 | 0 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iivd987",
"comment_text": [
"Maybe it's because he's quite disrespectful to trans people. Most recently, he was put in Twitter jail for refusing to delete a transphobic tweet against Elliot Page, calling the doctors that operated on him criminal. He also then posted a video about the issue c... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iivi9zw",
"comment_text": [
"Here's Peterson's ",
"video",
" on the subject and the ban. ",
"Peterson is unrecognizable to me here. I enjoyed and got something from his earliest university lecture videos but this rant is an excellent example of how dis- likeable he has become.... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiwflod",
"comment_text": [
"My favorite quote from this is “Up yours, woke moralists! We’ll see who cancels who!”. He’s trying to frame himself as a martyr"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiveanm",
"comment_text": [
"Anyone who expresses views in opposition to a those considered acceptable by a given group will always attack negative feedback from members of that group. How popular the person is matters more than what they say.This polarization of viewpoints generates enormo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iive8gt",
"comment_text": [
"Peterson is, at heart an academic and university professor and lecturer. Much of his work, especially his earlier videos are actual uni lectures. He summarizes, explains and combines the issues and findings of published psychology studies, as he did in his \"12 S... | |
ELI5 Why do we have nightmares? | explainlikeimfive | wfxoha | 72 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.86 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiwfyu0",
"comment_text": [
"Scientifically we know that dreams occur while the brain replenishes certain cells and transmitters,",
"The Activation-Synthesis Model says that dreams are actually random. They are our brains' way of making sense of activity that goes on while we sleep. Our ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiye7lr",
"comment_text": [
"\" They are our brains' way of making sense of activity that goes on while we sleep.\"",
"I have always subscribed to this theory for a long, but I have always wondered, since our brains assign images and meaning to otherwise random firing in the pons and am... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiwo8hr",
"comment_text": [
"I heard an interesting theory on what the evolutionary adaptation that led to us dreaming is. That dreams are practice for the real world. Where we can go through scenarios without risking injury or death."
],
"score": 13
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iixwkor",
"comment_text": [
"Ah, good old evolution preparing us to stand up totally naked and give a presentation to our classmates. :)"
],
"score": 9
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iixn8fd",
"comment_text": [
"Generally people don’t not dream; instead they don’t remember their dreams when they wake up."
],
"score": 9
} | |
ELI5: Why is it okay to speed while driving? | explainlikeimfive | wfmcgb | 0 | R6 (Loaded) | true | false | 0.31 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiuomm6",
"comment_text": [
"Enforcing speed limits on literally everyone could be a massive resource draw and potentially cause more harm than good. ",
"Picking off and heavily fining a few of the worse offenders sends enough of a message to seriously deter speeding."
],
"score": 8
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiuoe4w",
"comment_text": [
"This varies by country.",
"In the U.S. most speed cameras don't take a picture to issue a fine unless the vehicle registers as going X mph over the limit. It's not usual for them to tag you for going only a couple mph fast."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiuok2k",
"comment_text": [
"The 5-10 miles is just a zone to lend grace and for adjusting/ passing/ merging. ",
"If they raised the limit that much ppl would speed over that limit. So they just agree on a safe speed for certain types of roads and bends and allow extra room. ",
"It r... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiuq0py",
"comment_text": [
"The reason for that enforcement buffer is usually because of errors in measuring speed. For example, if a police car is on the highway, driving along, their radar needs to account for their speed. Measuring the exact speed of a car can be very difficult. Your car... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiuq4vv",
"comment_text": [
"Because if the speed limit was raised by that amount, then people would speed by 5-10 MPH over that limit instead. Additionally, the amount of time and resources it would take to get everyone who goes about that much over the limit usually outweighs the benefits ... | |
ELI5: How the jury is kept from being rigged? | explainlikeimfive | wfbyyb | 1 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iit04ta",
"comment_text": [
"So in the US there is something called “Jury Nullification”. Not a lawyer but this is my rough understanding of the concept. Attorneys from each side interview selected jurors and try to tease out any biases that they might have. In your example, the attorneys wo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iit0uwy",
"comment_text": [
"Jury Nullification is something different but does answer part of Ops question. Jury Selection is what you are referring to. Jury Nullification is when the jury returns a verdict of Not Guilty, even though the jurors believe the defendant is guilty beyond a reaso... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iit05ol",
"comment_text": [
"Jurors are randomly selected. Then they have to fill out a survey for the lawyers to look through and dismiss any jurors they think might be biased. Then they meet in person and same thing basically. They can dismiss a juror for damn near any reason to avoid any ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iit08vy",
"comment_text": [
"There is a \"charge to jury\", wherein the judge explains the law that applies. The jury is to assess the facts as presented - they could say something like \"Joe says he did not cause the damage, and Ray says he did - we do not believe that Ray has proven that ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iit0f25",
"comment_text": [
"There is a process for selecting jurors (appropriately called \"jury selection\") to try and deal with these kinds of issues.",
"People who, due to some past experience, are not able to provide an unbiased take on the case are screened out. This avoids issues... | |
Eli5 Hello! Can someone please explain to me what joining the union for a job means? I have an interview with an armored money truck company tomorrow and I am constantly seeing people say to join their union. What is it and why should I? Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | wfe5ic | 181 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.91 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iitdlo4",
"comment_text": [
"Unions are worker organizations that help all the workers negotiate as one with their employer, leading to better working conditions, better benefits, and better pay than if all the workers were fighting individually for themselves.",
"The details vary from U... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iitgze3",
"comment_text": [
"If people are telling you to join the union there, then i would guess that the union is already well established and most the other people who you’d be working with are union already."
],
"score": 102
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiu8js3",
"comment_text": [
"The US has a strong union busting culture because employers don't want employees to be empowered or paid well, so there's strong anti-union propaganda that gets a lot of financial support from big companies. So take the negatives with a grain of salt. ",
"I'v... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iitfrym",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you for your explanation. Do employers see union workers differently? I don’t want to be treated differently if I decided to join."
],
"score": 50
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiu8wvc",
"comment_text": [
"Note that i am european not american.",
"But the \"bad things online\" said about unions in america is from what it looks like from over here, to be propeganda from corporations.",
"They will happilly spend money on anti union talk which in return tells y... | |
eli5: why is death irreversible? | explainlikeimfive | xiidh7 | 1 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.57 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip36csm",
"comment_text": [
"Well this is sort of by definition - life threatening conditions that ",
" reversible can get fixed, saving your life.",
"You are dead once an irreversible health issue has stopped the blood flow to your brain long enough for the nerve cells to destroy th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip35tw5",
"comment_text": [
"Because too many cells in our bodies are killed and are broken apart.",
"If we use a 500 piece puzzle, imagine not only are the pieces separated, but the pieces themselves are starting to decompose and break away into dust. There is no recovery from that"
]... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip36kkd",
"comment_text": [
"when your brain dies, you die. Without a blood supply, your brain cells start dying off rapidly in around six minutes. Then there’s an irreversible loss of all neurological function in the brain and brain stem. No sign of life, no coming back, sign the death cert... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip37kd7",
"comment_text": [
"Death is considered irreversible because we lack the knowledge and technology. For example, we only have basic understanding of how a brain works. We can see the cells and give very good guesses as to how parts of it work. But we don't know how it is all put toge... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip37kfd",
"comment_text": [
"All our cells require energy and nutrients to keep themselves alive. So as soon as our heart stops (or some other blockage occurs), the clock starts ticking until our cells run out of reserves and start dying. This is a problem for most organs, but if you resume ... | |
ELI5: Where did STDs originate and how did the first human or animal get them? | explainlikeimfive | xi1erd | 21 | R2 (Whole topic) | true | true | 0.71 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip13hiy",
"comment_text": [
"I can verify you're not a doctor."
],
"score": 28
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip1p1w0",
"comment_text": [
"Some of them have been with us for longer than we can guess. We've found evidence from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt that STIs existed back then. ",
"We know gonnorhea first came from livestock. That doesn't mean that people were having sex with livestock, bu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip10el8",
"comment_text": [
"As far as biologicy knows they have always been with us. The subspecies of the genus bacteria and family of vituses which cause STIs cause different diseases also. Animals have their own versions of these.",
"Consider that world around us is filled with micro... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip12kxh",
"comment_text": [
"This is probably less where they originated and more how they evolved. Think Darwin and his finches. \"If no one else wants this free real estate, I'll take it\" bacteria and viruses have to compete with one another for occupying the same type of cells. That's wh... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip224yj",
"comment_text": [
"The subspecies of the genus bacteria",
"What exactly are you trying to say here?"
],
"score": 2
} | |
Eli5 where “egg yellows” go when companies make “egg whites”? | explainlikeimfive | xiorpu | 5 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.62 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip4880y",
"comment_text": [
"all sorts of foods are made with just egg yolks or with eggs plus the egg yolks of a few seperated eggs. aioli, creme brulee and other custards, cakes, ice cream, salad dressing (especially caesar dressing), pasta carbonara sauce, hollandaise...that's just off th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip4ifnh",
"comment_text": [
"Corporations are very rarely wasteful if there is an opportunity to make money (and often times disposal is more costly than finding an alternative). Most physical food waste is either redistributed internally to produce other products or sold to other companies ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip49wwn",
"comment_text": [
"You can also purchase just egg yolks. As well as other egg yolks based products. ",
"https://www.google.com/search?q=egg+yolks&client=ms-android-verizon-us-rvc3&prmd=sinv&source=lnms&tbm=shop&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqsPDk6aH6AhV9IkQIHaElBfEQ_AUoAXoECAIQAQ&biw=384&bi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipfe7sk",
"comment_text": [
"Tbh I have all the yolks don't tell op shhhh"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip4ozb1",
"comment_text": [
"Haha wise ass over hear got a few jokes"
],
"score": 1
} | |
eli5: What causes recession? | explainlikeimfive | wa453t | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.4 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyt9hi",
"comment_text": [
"People losing their jobs means the real economy (stuff) shrinks. That's the recession, people not working. This happens after the money-economy shrinks. Aka people lose their jobs because something happens financially where people stop getting paid (debts go bad,... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihytd94",
"comment_text": [
"It's typically a decline in economic activity. That can be caused by a lasting massive drop in employment/income/expenditures/retail sales/production like during covid or a massive drop in values like in housing or dotcom bubbles. The fed spending more money isn'... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyz71k",
"comment_text": [
"There is no single unique cause to a recession. For example, the recession associated with the financial crisis of 2007-09 was caused by a collapse in the housing bubble and the subsequent impairment of the financial sector which then spread to the real sector. "... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihz0g1m",
"comment_text": [
"To go into a bit more detail on this -",
"A recession is defined as a fall in economic activity, usually GDP falling for two quarters. Basically a country is producing less stuff and providing less services.",
"Why might this happen? Well if you're Ukrain... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihz20co",
"comment_text": [
"That's a good break down, but makes me ask another question regarding energy prices. Correct me if I am wrong, but UK has it's own gas, at least I was told so. If UK has it's own gas then why the energy prices are up?"
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: why can’t we look directly at the sun? | explainlikeimfive | wa33ea | 0 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.3 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyo274",
"comment_text": [
"Because the lens in your eye focuses the light coming in to your eye to a small area, and it literally starts to burn. Think of what happens when you focus sunlight with a magnifying glass into a point, and you can burn paper or kill ants with it. Almost the same... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyp3xa",
"comment_text": [
"The tradeoff makes sense \"hey so with eyes, you can focus at many different things and distances clearly, and adapt to different light conditions by ",
"focusing the light coming into the eye with",
" lenses... as long as you don't look directly at the s... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihynsy2",
"comment_text": [
"You can, it just damages your eyes if you stare at it too long. The radiation from it is just too much for the eyes to handle over extended amounts of time."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyug24",
"comment_text": [
"To go one step further - the light from the Sun (that we don't need to look at) is much brighter than the light from physical objects (that we do need to look at) because those objects are generally rough and so exhibit diffuse reflection. This spreads the incomi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyurdc",
"comment_text": [
"And where there was, creatures developed tricks to mitigate, like seeing polarised light"
],
"score": 2
} | |
ELI5: Why do recipe sites hide the instructions at the bottom of the page? | explainlikeimfive | w9vhec | 7 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.77 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxijn9",
"comment_text": [
"To force you to go past the adds so they get add revenue. These sites tend to survive and pay for content via the add revenue ",
"It's really that simple. ",
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
],
"score": 18
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxkq95",
"comment_text": [
"Google favors longer pages in search results and it is also the chance for more ads, which probably come from Google, too"
],
"score": 10
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxja7w",
"comment_text": [
"Recipes also can't be copyrighted the way stories can."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxnin5",
"comment_text": [
"Another one is search engine optimization.",
"\nThe search engines favor websites with more keywords, and ads favor longer engagement time on the website.",
"\nParagraphs of story add to both of them which increases traffic to the site and site income."
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxr6pk",
"comment_text": [
"This is the real answer. These sites are trying to be the first result in your search and then serve all the ads that they can. ",
"It also has nothing to do with copyright about their BS stories. Almost all of the stories are completely made up by contracto... | |
ELI5: If higher frequency radiation has a harder time penetrating objects, then why do we use X-rays to see bones? | explainlikeimfive | w9s4va | 1 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihwypph",
"comment_text": [
"higher frequency radiation has a harder time penetrating objects",
"Well, that's not a thing. Higher frequency radiation has more energy per photon. Some materials absorb some wavelengths and transmit others, that's how glass works. There is not general re... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihwyree",
"comment_text": [
"The frequencies used are chosen specifically because bones in particular absorb them more strongly than many other materials found in the body. This contrast is very helpful for looking at bones, and has many other uses."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihx53xn",
"comment_text": [
"It doesn’t.",
"From low to higher frequency:",
"Hf radio loves to bounce.",
"Radio bounces",
"Infrared too but interferes with things (heats things)",
"Light does go through something, and heats others, or bounces.",
"UV goes through skin,... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihxi152",
"comment_text": [
"In audio though it is very true. If you live in an apartment and your neighbor has a sound system, it’s the lower frequencies (bass) that you will hear moreso than the higher frequencies, that’s because lower frequency notes lose less energy going thru walls."
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihx8kd9",
"comment_text": [
"X-rays pass through soft tissue more easily, and pass through dense bones less easily.",
"\nSo the way the X-ray machine works is literally just taking a picture of the shadow of your bones using x-rays instead of visible light."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: How does La Croix work? | explainlikeimfive | xh3hel | 97 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.75 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iovdm2d",
"comment_text": [
"They have the flavor of a fruit without the sugar. Where does the flavor come from? ",
"There was never any actual fruit in it, it's just chemicals that taste like fruit.",
"How do they extract the sugar?",
"There's nothing to extract because it was n... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iove3rn",
"comment_text": [
"Yeah, it's all chemicals that are also found somewhere in nature. It's just not necessarily from the ",
" fruit."
],
"score": 232
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iovfrxx",
"comment_text": [
"fun facts... everything is made of chemicals"
],
"score": 68
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iovdy27",
"comment_text": [
"But… it says natural flavors. 😢"
],
"score": 57
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iovvdgq",
"comment_text": [
"Its not the same though. I say this as a bubbly water person, the different brands definitely have different tastes. ",
"Bizarrely when I was in texas I honestly thought the HEB one kinda punched above its weight."
],
"score": 49
} | |
ELI5: Why are the rocks in the western US all red. I know it is iron but why is there so much iron in the west? | explainlikeimfive | w9yv9o | 2 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyeb8y",
"comment_text": [
"It isn't. Many parts of the West have other rock colors - most notably the flood basalts of Montana, Idaho, and Washington, which are black.",
"You're probably referring to the ",
"Navajo sandstone",
", a massive sandstone formation that covers most o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihy56qf",
"comment_text": [
"Ancient Lakes basically.",
"Over millions of years ancient mountains eroded, and the iron deposits went into the lakes and settled at the bottom. Eventually due to changes in geography the lakes dried up and got covered with other sediment. Then new mountai... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihydxqn",
"comment_text": [
"Yep. Silica (a 1:2 mix of silicon to oxygen) is an extremely common mineral. You know it as quartz or sand, among other things."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihyekg0",
"comment_text": [
"The most recent lakes in the West are far, far younger than the Navajo sandstone. Actually, the sandstone is quite a bit older (~200 Mya) than the mountains are, too: the Rockies (~70 Mya) and Sierra Nevada (~5 Mya) are pretty young."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ihya103",
"comment_text": [
"Then why isn't it so red in the east, and the North. Etc."
],
"score": 3
} | |
ELI5: Why is water "matte" in some places and "clear" in others? | explainlikeimfive | l6uv5q | 6 | Earth Science | true | false | 0.8 | I notice it becomes "clear" when a duck swims through it for example, or on the river bank like in the picture example below. Is it something on the surface of the water? Thanks in advance! Let me know if I can specify :)
Also I added the flair "earth science", hope that fits. | {
"comment_id": "t1_gl2t1x4",
"comment_text": [
"It's the wind ruffling the surface. Even a small amount of breeze will cause small ripples. Near the bank it's sheltered. With the duck, and even a boat moving slowly, it will move the water sideways it passes and break up the ripple formation.",
"As a dinghy... | {
"comment_id": "t1_gl35i0g",
"comment_text": [
"The matte parts have more smaller ripples. When you look through a curved piece of glass the light going through it is distorted. If you sandblasted that piece of glass the surface of it would be covered in a whole bunch of very tiny curves, each of which would d... | {
"comment_id": "t1_gl2tyks",
"comment_text": [
"The ripples in the water don't seem to effect it, both clear and matte parts of the water have ripples going over it but the difference is still there. \nWhen a duck swam through the water it created a ripple which passed over both the matte water and the \"clear... | {
"comment_id": "t1_gl53tl0",
"comment_text": [
"Wind/water movement causes tiny ripples in the water with enough of these the water becomes matte. But in still water like a lake or a very slow moving stream the water has very few ripples and is clear. The only other thing might be dirty water but it has to be ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_gl3045t",
"comment_text": [
"That's the thing none of it is frozen!"
],
"score": 1
} |
ELI5: What is privatization exactly? Good or bad? | explainlikeimfive | cmtpr9 | 5 | Law | true | false | 0.78 | Recently my friends and I were having a sorta layman's debate if privatization of government sectors like airlines or railways etc is good for the country or not. I have no technical idea about this. So enlighten me? | {
"comment_id": "t1_ew4lx3u",
"comment_text": [
"\"Privatization\" is the process of taking traditionally government-provided services and having private companies do them instead.",
"This has some benefits and some drawbacks. Privatization is typically significantly cheaper (at least at first), because the... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ew4nfba",
"comment_text": [
"The thing about privatization is that the main goal of companies is not to provide a service, but to make a profit. So while a government can afford to, for example, maintain a bus route with few passengers, a private company would be more inclined to scrap that ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ew4mae2",
"comment_text": [
"Was gonna comment, but had nothing else to add. It's neither good or bad, just a matter of private vs. state ownership."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ew4oy9c",
"comment_text": [
"There are some services provided by govt agencies that cannot be profitable, such as running social welfare programs. ",
"Other services would be a huge headache, such as roads, paying a new toll every so many miles because a different company owns that stret... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ew4ymmx",
"comment_text": [
"because the government has no incentive to cut costs. ",
"an authoritarian government has no incentive.",
"a democratic government does."
],
"score": 4
} |
ELI5: Why do security cameras record on such low quality? | explainlikeimfive | xgipkv | 0 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.43 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios3wsn",
"comment_text": [
"It depends on what you are talking about. A security camera as the ability to record at whatever resolution it displays at. The higher the resolution the more bandwith and drive space a recording will take though. So for some things you might want to record at... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios3wtz",
"comment_text": [
"I think it’s a storage issue. You can’t store continuous high quality video because the size required to make a clear image"
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios42mm",
"comment_text": [
"Assuming you mean for businesses: ",
"They likely record 24/7 and they likely have at least a dozen cameras. ",
"Let’s go full tilt with some great quality, the modern iPhones shooting in ProRes: ",
"A minute of 10-bit HDR ProRes is approximately 1... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios48jj",
"comment_text": [
"Most security systems these days will only record when there is movement. There may be some applications where you want constant recording but with more modern systems they can detect movement and then start a recording 10 seconds (or more/less depending on sett... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios4kk8",
"comment_text": [
"Right, but if talking a store, that still would be actively recording during most hours the business is open. So if an everyday place, like a convenience store, still talking at least say 15hr every day. Not to mention people choosing for continuous recording if ... | |
ELI5: Why is the word Allegedly is used when a person commits a crime and evidence clearly shows the person committing said crime? | explainlikeimfive | cnp3ok | 2 | Law | true | false | 0.63 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ewcjpe3",
"comment_text": [
"Because everyone is innocent until proven guilty in fair trail. Even if he is caught by the hand"
],
"score": 23
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ewck1wa",
"comment_text": [
"People forget that the presumption of innocence is important."
],
"score": 13
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ewcjti3",
"comment_text": [
"Because a court of law has yet to determine guilt, and saying guilty before that is slanderous.",
"You may think the evidence is clear, other evidence not availible to you might show a clearer picture."
],
"score": 8
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ewck3qi",
"comment_text": [
"Additionally, what might be clear evidence from an untrained eye may not be clear evidence to a trained eye. Your average reader might not really understand what certain legal charges actually entail and instead has a more general description in their mind that m... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ewck91l",
"comment_text": [
"According to the US Constitution (and similar laws in other countries), a person under arrest is innocent until proven guilty. That means, ",
" there has been a trial or plea bargain and the suspect has either been found guilty by judge or jury or voluntarily... | |
ELI5: What is the legally plausable reasoning behind allowing for non-disclosure agreements for potentially criminal acts? | explainlikeimfive | cl2kdo | 2 | Law | true | false | 0.58 | I hope the premise is not flawed, but I've read quite a few articles about (mostly US-based) corporations and people paying people "hush money" to "buy their silence", i.e. signing non disclosure agreements. I understand that NDAs can be valuable to protect intellectual property, but why would a judicial system allow o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_evsfw32",
"comment_text": [
"NDAs cannot be used to silence reporting of criminal activity. Any NDA that tries to do so is void as against public policy. The law is clear on this.",
"Buying silence (\"hush money\") is typically settling a civil claim one person has against another pers... | {
"comment_id": "t1_evshiui",
"comment_text": [
"Thank you for that elaborate answer! That answers a few questions about the mechanisms.",
"Yet I am still no further in understanding *why* a judicial system would have this possibility included. I understand that settling matters out of court makes sense, bu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_evsikq7",
"comment_text": [
"Yep, I get it - it seems to run counter to the interests of justice. That said, there's a difference between allegations and proof (or even existence of) actual criminal or malicious conduct. And there are plenty of times someone is wronged by an action that wo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_evvc85r",
"comment_text": [
"I have been thinking a lot about this reply and I must say that I admire how well written and nuanced it is!",
"\nOften, when I encounter a policy or norm that I deem reprehensible or outdated, I'll try to understand the history or motivation behind it. If th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_evvd1fn",
"comment_text": [
"To be honest, the premise stems from a mixture of videos, articles and wikipedia. I was trying to understand cases like Harvey Weinstein, Stormy Daniels and Theranos, and why powerful people would want to pay people to prevent a scandal. The thing that made no se... |
ELI5:the difference between orthodox, catholic and protestant christians | explainlikeimfive | xgidde | 0 | R2 (Religion/Politics) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios3es7",
"comment_text": [
"Catholic and orthodox are very similar as they are both very old conservative churches. They split when the Roman Empire split into the Eastern and Western Roman Empire and not due to any huge theological issue. So their differences are more in the detailed inter... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosi4e9",
"comment_text": [
"In Mexico 99%+ are Catholics, however I've met a few Mexican people that adamantly claim that they are not Catholic but Christian. What does this mean?"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosjh6f",
"comment_text": [
"There are a lot of different christian denominations. There are others which are as old as the catholic and orthodox such as Coptic. And a lot of what might be categorized as a protestant denomination does not identify themselves as protestant. So it could mean a... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iosmykv",
"comment_text": [
"I see. Thanks!"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ios8k3z",
"comment_text": [
"Orthodox and Catholic technically mean the same thing, but in the modern parlance Catholic refers to ",
" Catholics. Basically there was a breakup in the older Catholic Church in 1054 AD due to a set of doctrinal differences, and while both churches think tho... | |
ELI5: how the hell was the startup menu of computers made? how do you code a little chip to do such a thing.. and where? | explainlikeimfive | xg7xfa | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ioqm7dh",
"comment_text": [
"Your computer's processor has a set of initial instructions physically built into it. Those instructions tell it to set an initial state of the processor and begin at a particular point in its memory. At that point in memory is a small program called a BIOS (\"ba... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ioqmzhp",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, there's a chip in the computer with a hard-coded program called the BIOS (basic input output system) that gets the computer started. It's *just* smart enough to get things going and load the real operating system (Windows, MacOS, Linux, etc.) from storage an... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ioqn8u2",
"comment_text": [
"Startup code was originally hard-wired, and parts of it still are. But, all of that original code had to be worked out ny hand, first, then tested on a real machine (and they were big@$$ clunky machines back then, with vacuum tubes and everything). After that, ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ioqnnej",
"comment_text": [
"The CPU itself is designed to when the power turn on to star reading from specific memory address. That will be where the BIOS/UEFI is on a PC. What happen after that depend on the instruction at that address. The code there was stored in chips on the motherboar... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ior0olf",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"wiki entry",
"If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the ",
"detailed rules",
" first. ",
", please ",
"use this form",
" and we will review your submission... | |
ELI5: Why is it normal to go through cycles of recession and expansion? Why can't we grow at a slower but more consistent rate, without experiencing recessions? | explainlikeimfive | wbgva5 | 22 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.88 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6tiu3",
"comment_text": [
"The economy is a very complex system. Cycles of growth and recession basically happen because the perceived value of things changes over time. For example, in the 90s tech boom the perceived value of websites skyrocketed creating a boom and huge hiring in softwar... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6tb4m",
"comment_text": [
"Because it’s not a constant world and people think with their emotions and decide with incomplete data."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6ts32",
"comment_text": [
"By and large, we don't have our pulse on what's going on with an economy 'right now'. You'll see right now they are busy arguing whether or not the USA is in a recession...after 6 months of gathering data. Because it takes so long to figure out what's HAPPENING, ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii72vq6",
"comment_text": [
"So what do you propose to replace the current global economic system?"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii6wxml",
"comment_text": [
"Honest answer is human greed, read all of the long winded answers and read between the lines. The posters will tell you it's complex. X happened as a result of which produced Z etc. But in every case the overriding driver was the desire and percieved opportunity ... | |
eli5: When the Feds raise the interest rate, so everyone pays more on their variable APR credit card debt, where does all that extra interest money go? | explainlikeimfive | wbw3o2 | 18 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.69 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8zwf8",
"comment_text": [
"The Fed raises interest rates on the money it lends to banks, so the banks have to pay more to the government.",
"The banks then raise interest rates on their customers/borrowers, because they want to keep making money. So you (the borrower) pay more money to... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii93b1p",
"comment_text": [
"The federal reserve was set up to be more independent from the day to day political pressure but it most definitely is still controlled by the government. The governing board are literally appointed by the president, and any money they make from the interest rate... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii93ac1",
"comment_text": [
"Rising interest rates also cost governments since governments routinely issue bonds, especially the Federal Government."
],
"score": 19
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii948pi",
"comment_text": [
"Let's not get it mixed up, the Fed is through and through a government entity. It was created by the federal government and its members are directly paid using taxpayer money. The annual profits that the Fed makes gets paid to the U.S Treasury, except a small per... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii91top",
"comment_text": [
"So, the government ends up making more money from the hikes? I never thought about that aspect before!"
],
"score": 10
} | |
ELI5 - Why was the decision made to toss bin laden’s body into the ocean made? | explainlikeimfive | xksi3r | 1 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.53 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipfnm40",
"comment_text": [
"The White House said they followed Islamic tradition, washing, shrouding and burial within 24 hours of death. As far as the sea goes. It’s kinda 50/50 if that part was okay or not. ",
"But, I believe that, not many places would allow his family to bury him in... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipfo3le",
"comment_text": [
"I'm not up to speed on Muslim burial traditions. But I'm pretty sure a big part of it was not wanting a shrine of any sorts to develop. The US obviously didn't want to allow a tradition of a pilgrimage to their number 1 terrorist's grave. Burial at sea avoids tha... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipfrbb5",
"comment_text": [
"They wanted nowhere people could go to turn his death into martyrdom. No shrines. No flowers. No bronze-age Imam stirring up trouble."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipfnvhg",
"comment_text": [
"Oh god I just noticed the mistake"
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ipgwl9v",
"comment_text": [
"Shashi Tharoor papa lagte hain kya?"
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5 : why is atmospheric re-entry so dangerous? | explainlikeimfive | wbr7ll | 13 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.79 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8cqi8",
"comment_text": [
"It's always more dangerous to run into something really fast than to run away from something really fast."
],
"score": 16
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8p7n2",
"comment_text": [
"Akschualy it's air particle compression what makes majority of the heat, friction is only a small part of that"
],
"score": 16
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8ctid",
"comment_text": [
"Friction. In order for you to walk forward, the air currently in the area in front of you has to be pushed aside first. If an object moves quickly then the air also has to be moved out of the way just as fast. ",
"When reentering the atmosphere objects can re... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8eixc",
"comment_text": [
"If you cant land in your first reentry due to shallow angle, you wont endlessly drift because you will still be on suborbital trajectory and you will get back into the athmo after one orbit again."
],
"score": 7
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii8d8qc",
"comment_text": [
"There are a few factors to consider all of which concern entering the atmosphere with a lot of velocity. ",
"Firstly, if you enter too fast to will generate heat due to friction. Too much heat and you will burn up so you have to ensure you are travelling at t... | |
Eli5: Why do kids sleep on a floor with no consequence but adults are sore for the next two days? | explainlikeimfive | war2jq | 15 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.78 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii2h2m2",
"comment_text": [
"We generally weigh more putting more stress on our bodies and do it less as we grow up and become less flexible, at 44 I'm still OK to sleep on a floor and be OK afterwards but I just never stopped."
],
"score": 27
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii2lqr3",
"comment_text": [
"I’m 42 and still prefer to lounge on the floor rather than the furniture. I operate under the principle that as long as I keep doing it, I’ll always be able."
],
"score": 17
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii2kuok",
"comment_text": [
"The relience (bounciness) of joints reduces as we age. ",
"The amount of synovial fluid in joints reduces, so it gives you less cushioning, but there's also a change in an acid present in the fluid, so you suffer a double-whammy there. The cartilage becomes... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii2jas8",
"comment_text": [
"I'm 41 and sleep on the floor a lot because I am an alcoholic. Honestly the floor doesn't bother me near as much as the fact that when the night ends that way, I leave the lights on. ",
"I rarely wake up sore though, unless I stretch my neck weird or somethin... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ii2n4oj",
"comment_text": [
"35, been working in agriculture and construction since 13 years old. The floor is necessary sometimes. Damn back, IM TOO YOUNG THIS BULL SHIT."
],
"score": 8
} | |
Eli5: What's in petri dishes, why are there different colors and what happens after they've been used? | explainlikeimfive | tl8xkx | 2 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1u2q9f",
"comment_text": [
"Usually the growth medium is agar based. Dyes are used to distinguish between different variables. For example a red Petri dish may be exactly the same as a blue Petri dish but they have different strains of bacteria or one could have a new antibiotic added while... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1u4sw1",
"comment_text": [
"Add to that some agars can be of a select color based on it's type. Blood agar, well, looks like blood. What they do after use is to dispose of the agar then santazie them for reuse in the next round of either expirements or growth studies to determine cause of a... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1u4w6n",
"comment_text": [
"There are different nutrient mixes that people use to grow different organisms, although they're usually just shades of brown. ",
"Sometimes, colouring agents are added that the microbes will interact with. This is used to identify different types of organism... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1v5fcf",
"comment_text": [
"and for those who don't know, Agar is a gel that is extracted from certain types of seaweed."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1x795s",
"comment_text": [
"Rule 2 forbids straightforward questions."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: what is escrow? | explainlikeimfive | tkqdau | 5 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.99 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1s0hr3",
"comment_text": [
"You (Mr A) want to buy something from someone else (Mr B).",
"You don't trust Mr B and he doesn't trust you. So neither of you want to hand over the money, or the product/house to the other person first, in case the other person does a runner.",
"So you ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1ry7bp",
"comment_text": [
"Escrow is money kept on your behalf in an account to pay for something you're legally obliged to pay at a future date. For instance, as you pay for your home mortgage, you may need to contribute to your property tax escrow account throughout the year so you have ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1rz2ry",
"comment_text": [
"Another example of this is, when you buy something from let's say Ebay, your money doesn't go directly to the seller, it is held in an escrow account until you confirm that you've received your product, at which point the money then goes to the seller"
],
"sc... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1s38ft",
"comment_text": [
"Rule 2 forbids straightforward questions."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1wurqo",
"comment_text": [
"Sorry."
],
"score": 1
} | |
Eli5: Where does the sea and oceans wave power come from? | explainlikeimfive | tkv2l3 | 1 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1srzro",
"comment_text": [
"Mostly from the Sun. It warms air and water up which leads to wind and currents that move water around. Tides, however, are caused by the Moon's gravity pulling water while the Moon rotates around the Earth."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1suu4s",
"comment_text": [
"Surface waves are caused by wind, which is caused by pressure systems, which are ultimately caused by the heat from the sun.",
"Tides are caused by the gravitational force of the moon (and to a lesser extent, the sun).",
"Tsunami waves are caused by under... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1stk2v",
"comment_text": [
"Wind over the water forms waves. As the wind blows, it tugs on the surface of the water, and this forms small waves. The continued action of wind makes those waves bigger."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1sut2q",
"comment_text": [
"and then waves keep going and going. Waves we see on a windless days come from storms and hurricanes that are hundreds or thousands of miles away."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1sy3am",
"comment_text": [
"Movement in the ocean comes from temperature differentials in the water and wind, both of which are caused by the Sun. It is also affected by the pull of the Moon's gravity as well as things like earthquakes."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5 - Why does Canada continue to construct large dams (site C) but USA has not? Eli5 | explainlikeimfive | tkni0t | 0 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1rmtah",
"comment_text": [
"There is no definitive single answer for the whole country, but there are some overarching issues. The first and probably most pressing issue is a lack of funding. Dams are incredibly expensive projects. More expensive than most states can bear on their own. Many... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1rnb19",
"comment_text": [
"I see. I didn't think of the supporting infrastructure issues."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1sgok9",
"comment_text": [
"Good points. Especially the last one about water rights and affected people. Canada has more empty land, where fewer people are affected. ",
"In regard to funding, Biden did pass a pretty large infrastructure spending bill. Do you feel it will make a differen... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1rn9gr",
"comment_text": [
"That's why I was having some issues with the question. If that is the case, why is Canada moving to create more large dams whereas the USA is not?"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i1rn9gr",
"comment_text": [
"That's why I was having some issues with the question. If that is the case, why is Canada moving to create more large dams whereas the USA is not?"
],
"score": 1
} | |
Eli5: How is there enough water for 7+billion people? | explainlikeimfive | gjdy25 | 2 | Geology | true | false | 0.6 | It seems like for most of humanity, access to clean fresh water was severely limited. And back then, the population was significantly smaller. So how are we pulling it off? | {
"comment_id": "t1_fqkeaek",
"comment_text": [
"The same way we’re feeding that 7 billion. Technological advancements. We have discovered how to pump more water faster through increasingly advanced filtration and distribution systems. Water that would have poisoned our distant ancestors is now able to be pr... | {
"comment_id": "t1_fqke7ca",
"comment_text": [
"When you pee, it gets filtered with rain and other waste water that isn't overly corrosive. It's renewed"
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_fqkehxb",
"comment_text": [
"Y'all seen earth? ",
" ton of water on earth. Also, we actually aren't pulling it off. Many countries and regions of countries have no access to fresh water, and either have to drink unclean water or make it as clean as possible by boiling it before use. ",
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_fqof9rw",
"comment_text": [
"But take Kabul Afghanistan for instance. How do they have running water and where do they get all their water? How does Mecca, a city in the middle of a desert, have water for hundreds of thousands of people and hotel rooms to use and drink and flush, every singl... | {
"comment_id": "t1_fqptzbm",
"comment_text": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Saudi_Arabia",
"This is stuff that can be googled pretty easily. In the case of mecca: Desalination of salt water combined with massive pipes. Also Mecca isn't in the middle of a desert. It's only a... |
ELI5: Why can't US electiones just count individual votes? | explainlikeimfive | v44o1d | 0 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib29sle",
"comment_text": [
"Our constitution, and the government it built, weren't designed for individuals to vote at all. Originally, each individual state's legislature would just pick who they wanted the state's delegates to vote for, no popular vote required. ",
"In the last 100 ye... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib29yal",
"comment_text": [
"It is part of the history of the founding of the country. The original colonies that became states in the USA, were not equal. Some were larger and some were much wealthier. In order to persuade all these colonies to unite into a nation, compromises were made. Th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2ad4l",
"comment_text": [
"Because the constitution says state legislatures pick their electors. Individual votes are only useful to help the state legislature know who their constituents favor. Most states have laws requiring the electors to vote for the person who won the statewide popu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2802l",
"comment_text": [
"To avoid giving all the powers to only the most populous states. States like Iowa would be completely ignored, and only New York, California and maybe a couple of other states would determine election outcomes."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2cjne",
"comment_text": [
"This is actually backwards. The Electoral College was a compromise to appease the larger states, not one to appease the smaller states. The alternative was a one-state-one-vote approach. There was no meaningful support for the notion of direct popular election of... | |
ELI5: If we are made of atoms and so are non living things, what makes us 'alive' ? | explainlikeimfive | v457xy | 1 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.6 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2cac3",
"comment_text": [
"Edit: This is a religion agnostic point of view. This is using observable science, and may not be true of within all religions. Just putting this disclaimer here as I don't intend to discuss religion.",
"Humans are not magical, any process being done inside t... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2cezo",
"comment_text": [
"It really depends on how you want to define \"alive.\"",
"One definition of life is anything that can maintain consistent internal conditions, can respond to environmental cues, has a metabolism (transformation of energy into components of the body), is organ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2choc",
"comment_text": [
"Generally just brain activity. ",
"You may be referring to consciousness though, in which case that's a real problem that no-one seems to have solved: ",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard\\_problem\\_of\\_consciousness",
"."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2hluk",
"comment_text": [
"I don't think this is right, there's plenty of things that are alive that don't even have brains. A flower, for instance."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ib2huqc",
"comment_text": [
"He referred to “us”, which I read as meaning humans."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: why do modern religions not care that other religions have existed and died | explainlikeimfive | v3q4uo | 0 | R2 (Religion/Politics) | true | false | 0.14 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iazuphq",
"comment_text": [
"Just because something else has failed, it does not mean that you will fail. The comings and goings of other religions are somewhat irrelevant if you truly believe your religion to be right."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iazx4bu",
"comment_text": [
"Past performance is no indication of future success."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iazuwz3",
"comment_text": [
"Well, plenty of science has changed. Many scientists and doctors have been wrong on countless issues throughout history, and their beliefs have died over time. The accepted scientific consensus on how the universe worked in 1100 is completely out of line with wha... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iazv0b9",
"comment_text": [
"I think there are a few reasons.",
"First, religions are based on belief and not reason. So, reason is not very effective in convincing someone that what they believe is not reasonable because reason is not why the believe. Your argument is based on reason bu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iazudsc",
"comment_text": [
"Sorry read the rules little closer, is there a better subreddit for this question"
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: How do people like Kanye West get declared at bankrupt with their obvious wealth such as housing, cars, etc... without having to pay back any of that bankruptcy debt? | explainlikeimfive | dcvn9w | 12 | Law | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_f2bvdk5",
"comment_text": [
"In America, \"buying\" something or \"owning\" something doesnt mean its entirely yours due to loans and debt. Just because you're driving a Ferrari doesnt mean you're rich. You could have a loan out the wazoo for it. Same for the house. ",
"Declaring ban... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f2bx04v",
"comment_text": [
"There are different types of bankruptcy.",
"If you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy (the most common), then all your assets get assessed for value and a lot of them will get sold to pay off your creditors. Chances are, your assets might not cover your entire deb... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f2ddlri",
"comment_text": [
"Putting your assets in a trust doesn't guarantee their safety if you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. In some states, putting your property into a trust when you're already deeply in debt will cause the court to step in and undo or reverse the trust. For that reaso... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f2bv7nd",
"comment_text": [
"Wealthy people often arrange things so they don't actually own a lot. Assets are owned by trusts, corporations, and family members, and many of the fancy things they possess are actually leased. ",
"They also illegally hide money in anonymous offshore accou... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f2c3zkw",
"comment_text": [
"Just because I live in a fancy house doesn't mean I own it. ",
"Just because I drive a fancy car doesn't mean I own it.",
"Just because I wear fancy clothes and jewelery doesn't mean I own it.",
"Alot of the persona is showing off. ",
"Besides n... | |
ELI5: What makes someone pee shy when standing next to someone else at the urinals? | explainlikeimfive | dp5epu | 25 | Psychology | true | false | 0.7 | {
"comment_id": "t1_f5t6wh6",
"comment_text": [
"Doesn't work for me, nothing does. It's just something I've dealt with for 30 years"
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_f5t24d9",
"comment_text": [
"Next time it happens, start doing multiplication tables in your head (the brain holding one) don't know why this works but it does."
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_f5tak4g",
"comment_text": [
"I remember once as a teenager I was on my way home from a bar and I needed to pee really bad, so I peed next to a door (not cool, I know). That door suddenly opened and a dude came out, scaring the shit out of me. I don't think he even understood what was going o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f5tak4g",
"comment_text": [
"I remember once as a teenager I was on my way home from a bar and I needed to pee really bad, so I peed next to a door (not cool, I know). That door suddenly opened and a dude came out, scaring the shit out of me. I don't think he even understood what was going o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_f5srvdl",
"comment_text": [
"In the US we are very prude. From a young age we are taught to be ashamed of our bodies and to hide them. The area a swimsuit covers is top secret! If someone likes to show off their body they are often shamed or called names. Of course this isn’t everyone or eve... | |
Eli5: How is making a game an exclusive for a game console is not a type of monopoly? | explainlikeimfive | weebj9 | 0 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.38 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iinj53y",
"comment_text": [
"Because you are very fundamentally not understanding what a monopoly is. A monopoly is when a single company has exclusive or near exclusive control over a particular sector of the market. ",
"In your example, literally any other company is free to make and s... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiniy2e",
"comment_text": [
"A monopoly controls an entire ",
". Standard Oil. American Telephone and Telegraph.",
"You get an AT&T phone line, or you get nothing.",
"Video games, and the entertainment industry more broadly, is highly competitive. There are numerous players fr... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iinzxtc",
"comment_text": [
"So what? That's still not what a monopoly is. Your definition of a monopoly makes no sense whatsoever."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iinl1uy",
"comment_text": [
"So, you want to order a Big Mac in a Burger King? You should check the definition of monopoly."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iinoijo",
"comment_text": [
"\"Here's your Big King, sir.\""
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: How efficient is our body in converting food into energy? | explainlikeimfive | we7nw9 | 0 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.33 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iimt43u",
"comment_text": [
"The post was also removed. The reply to your comment was to let you know about the rule against link only comments. Which you either weren't aware of or don't care about. ",
"I assume and hope it was the first option, since the second would mean you are actin... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iimrve6",
"comment_text": [
"Top level comments (i.e. comments that are direct replies to the main thread) are reserved for explanations to the OP or follow up on topic questions.",
"Links without an explanation or summary are not allowed. ELI5 is supposed to be a subreddit where content... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iimrve6",
"comment_text": [
"Top level comments (i.e. comments that are direct replies to the main thread) are reserved for explanations to the OP or follow up on topic questions.",
"Links without an explanation or summary are not allowed. ELI5 is supposed to be a subreddit where content... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iimsp3e",
"comment_text": [
"Like always trying to figure out why you're moderating the reply instead of the topic itself considering it can be answered in this way.",
"Is there like no reading of context or anything?",
"Edit: or was it that you couldn't moderate me on the other topi... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iimrxyy",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"Straightforward or factual queries are not allowed on ELI5. ELI5 is meant for simplifying complex concepts. ",
"If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the ",
"detailed rule... | |
ELI5: How is it that axolotls are listed as “critically endangered” species, but they are allowed to be pets that don’t even sell for more that much? | explainlikeimfive | umcyab | 6,496 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.96 | Apparently there are breeders making Axolotls and they only go for a few hundred bucks at most. How is this possible? And how are so many people able to own them as pets if they are very close to extinction? | {
"comment_id": "t1_i80wce7",
"comment_text": [
"They are endangered because of habitat loss and pollution. The ones bred to be pets aren't subtracting from the wild population, so it isn't increasing the risk of extinction. Putting the captive raised ones back in the wild wouldn't fix anything because until th... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i81mqi8",
"comment_text": [
"To add on to this, most of the domestic axolotls are cross bread with a tiger salamander* and wouldn’t survive in the wild.",
"*pretty sure it’s a tiger salamander but can’t double check right now."
],
"score": 1637
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i80xs03",
"comment_text": [
"\"critically endangered\" is a conservation status.\nIt is only concerned with the status of the animal/species in the wild."
],
"score": 1117
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i82d9ni",
"comment_text": [
"yeah I listened to a podcast a while back about this. The only natural habitat for wild axolotls are like in/near mexico city. Their habitat gets smaller every year. ",
"Domesticated axolotls are almost a different species at this point. They are the ones who... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i81st7m",
"comment_text": [
"Cross bread is delicious"
],
"score": 408
} |
ELI5: If the Inflation Reduction Act passes, won’t the 15% corporation be pushed onto consumers? | explainlikeimfive | wdqq13 | 0 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijwesi",
"comment_text": [
"Here's a basic economics lesson",
" for you"
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik0z9v",
"comment_text": [
"The economy is a weird, complicated system.",
"The worry right now is that most people have too much money, and this includes businesses. Lots of companies have had record revenue. They are spending this money on making more stuff in the hopes that people buy... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijtg83",
"comment_text": [
"Anything a government does to make corporations pay gets passed on to the consumer. It's kind of an oxymoron to assume corporations will pay Anything."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijuz28",
"comment_text": [
"Very possibly. The idea is that if you make corporations pay more in taxes and they push it to the consumers then the largest consumers (wealthy people who can spend alot) will take on most of the increase. Meanwhile the gov will be able to use the extra money to... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijtliv",
"comment_text": [
"Then won’t that make things worse for most people of the USA?"
],
"score": 0
} | |
ELI5: Why are humans so captivated by mysteries? | explainlikeimfive | aynqgw | 1 | Psychology | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ei22cur",
"comment_text": [
"The unknown is the most captivating to us. We have to have control. When that’s removed we’re intrigued. "
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ei4mmf6",
"comment_text": [
"I kinda wish no one answered OP so they could stew in the captivation of this mystery."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ei22k9h",
"comment_text": [
"I think there are layers of lotus flowers and onions of mysteries which intrigue us the most. Think about (shallow) relationships. There’s a lot of people out there that like the chase (the mystery) but lost interest once they have reality. "
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ei22naz",
"comment_text": [
"Humans are curious. We like knowing why things happen. We also like to escape the real world and step into another where things are easier to pick apart. We also enjoy surprises and mysteries usually have at least a few."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ei23yeo",
"comment_text": [
"If humans wasn't so captivated by mysteries then we would never bother studying the unknown, discovering stuff and we would probably still live in tribal age. "
],
"score": 2
} | |
Eli5: How quick do you have to be in a man overboard situation on a ship? | explainlikeimfive | wdrlfu | 0 | R2 (Narrow) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijzr19",
"comment_text": [
"this is completely fucking wrong."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iijyivb",
"comment_text": [
"if you don't have a line of site on the person then the odds of survival go down quickly. ",
"there's a whole overboard procedure where you turn the boat around and try to figure out where they fell. while better than nothing, the ocean is big and people ar... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik1bbl",
"comment_text": [
"What needs to happen quick is throwing them flotation, reporting it to the folks driving the boat, and not losing sight of them. The rest is going to take some time regardless. Even in my 20 foot sailboat it takes a few minutes to turn around and make the pickup,... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik3pmn",
"comment_text": [
"By the time you read this thread? Too late."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iik3qup",
"comment_text": [
"Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"ELI5 is not meant for any question you may have. Questions that are narrow in nature are not complex concepts, and usually require only a yes/no or otherwise straightforward answer. ",
"If ... | |
ELI5: Why do electronics break over time even no damage was done to them? | explainlikeimfive | we3nda | 8 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.64 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iilz3h5",
"comment_text": [
"There was damage, just not obvious damage. Some things just got bad slowly over time, with no need for something dramatic like a fire or a fall. Oxidation, humidity, temperature changes, dust accumulation, insect infestation, condensation, or corrosion could dama... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iilzlw6",
"comment_text": [
"There are a lot of reasons electronics break.",
"\nRelays fails, solder degrades, capacitors break etc. ",
"When powering on something and electricity is flowing, it generates heat. Hotter materials expand. When they cool down it contracts. This movem... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iilz801",
"comment_text": [
"When I was watching the incredible hulk on my TV my cousin Zack tripped and broke the TV and my uncle got really mad and started yelling at Zack and I got really scared"
],
"score": 10
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iim01c3",
"comment_text": [
"Sometimes the damage isn’t obvious. Also, sometimes products are actually designed to break after a while. Planned obsolescence is infuriating!"
],
"score": 9
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iime5ik",
"comment_text": [
"Oxygen always wins out, given enough time."
],
"score": 7
} | |
ELI5: what’s the difference between a cyclone and a tornado? | explainlikeimfive | wdw23e | 1 | R2 (Straightforward) | true | false | 0.57 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiktrzg",
"comment_text": [
"\"Cyclone\" is a broad term for a low-pressure system, usually a fairly large one. Hurricanes, Nor'easters, and polar lows are all examples of cyclones in this sense. (\"Cyclone\" is also a specific term for the same type of storm called a \"Hurricane\" or \"Typh... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iikvak5",
"comment_text": [
"Pretty much the same as between a hurricane and a tornado.",
"A cyclone is just another word used for hurricane in Asia and the Pacific islands. This is just a strong low pressure storm that has winds of with a maximum sustained speed of 74 mph or higher. T... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iiku7qz",
"comment_text": [
"A I RC, Dorothy’s uncle called a tornado a cyclone in the Wizard of Oz."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iilim0f",
"comment_text": [
"Cyclone I think is the more overarching term, as you use cyclone/cyclonic to describe rotating gas/fluid systems.",
"Eg equipment called 'cyclones' are part of the industrial food drying process"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iin1eam",
"comment_text": [
"Rule 2 forbids straightforward questions."
],
"score": 1
} | |
ElI5: Why does HR 8 need 60 votes rather than a simple majority? | explainlikeimfive | uxq1gw | 0 | R2 (Religion/Politics) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i9za56l",
"comment_text": [
"it takes 60 votes to close debate in the senate. that's true for all bills. Also it needs 60 in the senate, not the house."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i9zaln2",
"comment_text": [
"yep. we have a bicameral system. a bill must pass both houses. If it is brought up for debate in the senate, it will take 60 senators voting in favor of closing debate. It's called the filibuster."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i9zbs10",
"comment_text": [
"To clarify, it still only needs a simple majority to pass in the Senate, but for it to come to a vote, the Senate has to agree they've talked about it enough to have made up their minds. Getting the senate to agree to actual stop talking is what takes 60 votes. A... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i9zb3s3",
"comment_text": [
"If it doesn't pass at the end of each legislative session then it must be brought up again in the next before passage can happen. ",
"It seems like it was passed in the House on March 11th. ",
"It was only yesterday read for the first time in the Senate. ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i9zaf1g",
"comment_text": [
"Close debate?",
"I know it takes 60 in the Senate, but it already passed the House twice in 2020 and 2021, it's just sitting there"
],
"score": 2
} | |
Eli5: How is it possible for toothpaste to come out in three seperate colours when mixed in tube. | explainlikeimfive | xj5iiz | 3 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip6g1n7",
"comment_text": [
"Inside the tube it is divided into three parts, each filled with a different colour so when you squeeze the tube each colour comes out separately."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip6gqvt",
"comment_text": [
"Rule 7 requires that you search the sub before posting."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip6hhqy",
"comment_text": [
"The tube is mostly the main white stuff. Near the opening is the colored stuff. At the opening is also a short tube with tiny holes. ",
"When you squeeze the toothpaste, the main white stuff comes out through the short tube into the exit, along with streaks o... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip6k2xh",
"comment_text": [
"look at you, avoiding the downvotes for that lol"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ip6gdov",
"comment_text": [
"I hope you don't believe that"
],
"score": 1
} | |
ELI5: Why looking up while being on top of tall things makes you dizzy? | explainlikeimfive | xpqrfg | 6 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.66 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq6fb56",
"comment_text": [
"Your comment has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"Top level comments",
"Anecdotes, while allowed elsewhere in the thread, may not exist at the top level.",
"If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the ",
"detailed rules",
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq6fb56",
"comment_text": [
"Your comment has been removed for the following reason(s):",
"Top level comments",
"Anecdotes, while allowed elsewhere in the thread, may not exist at the top level.",
"If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the ",
"detailed rules",
... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq669zq",
"comment_text": [
"This is the correct answer. Even if it is made up."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq6qrhk",
"comment_text": [
"They boo me because they fear the truth"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5oldz",
"comment_text": [
"Your brain uses the ground/surroundings as a reference point to determine your location/movement. When you’re high up enough, you can’t see the ground in your peripheral vision, and your brain assumes assumes you are in free fall. This does not match what the flu... | |
ELI5 : Why do planes load passengers front-to-back instead of back-to-front? | explainlikeimfive | xppstn | 5 | R2 (Business/Group/Individual Motivation) | true | false | 0.62 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5423s",
"comment_text": [
"Principally because the people sitting at the front paid more and getting seated first is part of the benefit.",
"They don't really care about the fact that it's inefficient."
],
"score": 53
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq56i1k",
"comment_text": [
"I pay more to get off first, not on."
],
"score": 39
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq59p1v",
"comment_text": [
"Just crop dust em as you walk past."
],
"score": 20
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5452n",
"comment_text": [
"To make you feel like a peasant as you walk by the first-class and business-class passengers."
],
"score": 19
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5c6rs",
"comment_text": [
"Tell that to all the people clamoring at the gate to pile into the plane like the terminal itself is on fire, the second boarding gets announced."
],
"score": 14
} | |
ELI5 — what does it mean when the pressure of a hurricane drops? is this a good thing right now for people in Tampa??? | explainlikeimfive | xpptkx | 3 | Planetary Science | true | false | 0.67 | From the National Hurricane Center: that’s what they posted just now, but what does this data translate into? is this a good thing or a bad thing if you have a friend in Tampa? | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq56av9",
"comment_text": [
"A hurricane is essentially a low pressure system. If you'll notice on a weather map, even in our normal low pressure areas, the winds are counter-clockwise. So if the pressure is dropping, the system is intensifying. That means higher winds and stronger storm sur... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5tuym",
"comment_text": [
"Your local meteorologist does, the NHC is putting out official notifications for agencies and news organizations to disseminate."
],
"score": 7
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5ampx",
"comment_text": [
"Barometric pressure is an indicator of how powerful a storm is. The lower the pressure, the more powerful the storm. A drop in pressure means the storm is strengthening. ",
"The Atlantic hurricane record holder is Hurricane Wilma, with a pressure of 882 mbar ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq54k7i",
"comment_text": [
"Low pressure is usually a bad sign. The lower the pressure the more the water swells as the hurricane passes over it causing higher storm surge. Not an expert in any way just a south floridian"
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq5j0hg",
"comment_text": [
"Nooooooooooooo.",
"Low pressure is very bad when you're talking about hurricanes. The lower the pressure, the more intense the storm."
],
"score": 3
} |
ELI5 an Internet blockage from a Government? Do they cut the whole internet or just block some IPs? | explainlikeimfive | xpdcos | 17 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.95 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3aqtv",
"comment_text": [
"They can simply order or force all ISPs to stop providing their services. This way no one in the country can access the internet at all, unless they can get a satellite connection. VPNs are for accessing sites as if you are located in a different country. But it ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3fb1b",
"comment_text": [
"To add on why VPNs are sometimes used to bypass government censorship: if they haven't completely blocked off Internet access, they're most likely only interested in analysing your traffic data or packet destination address in order to either block you off, serve... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3g30k",
"comment_text": [
"This can vary from blocking individual resources/IPs to filtering out whole countries via geo_location to completely severing the physical connections in between countries and ordering service providers to cease operation. Depends on what you're trying to accompl... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq4pnhr",
"comment_text": [
"There's zero evidence in either the pentest or research community that any of the popular encryption ciphers are compromised; in fact, by the nature of how research into this works you'll expect to either increase the word size to accommodate an increase in compu... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq4m9cn",
"comment_text": [
"Explain a bit more, because it doesn't sound like you have any networking experience"
],
"score": 2
} | |
ELI5: When Scuba Diving, is it uncomfortable having that part in your mouth? Do you get tired from biting down on it? | explainlikeimfive | ui5wkz | 0 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7acq76",
"comment_text": [
"When you get comfortable with diving you don’t even notice it. The mouthpiece should just be resting in your mouth. You don’t want to be biting down on it at all. It’s not going to fall out of your mouth, and biting the mouthpiece will just make you have to repla... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7af1ga",
"comment_text": [
"Very good point! I used to use one and loved it. You don’t even need to put any pressure on the mouthpiece. I’ve also used one that you molded like a hockey mouth guard. That one was for when I had to take groups of cruise ship passengers and could chew down as m... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7ae222",
"comment_text": [
"Further to this, there are \"comfo-bite\" mouthpieces that have a flat piece that sits against the roof of the mouth. This holds the regulator in place and distributes the weight over a much larger area. Many people feel that this is more comfortable and reduces ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7ah2ta",
"comment_text": [
"Snorkel vs scuba is like standing on land breathing through a straw vs breathing normally. I’ll swallow all the saltwater instead of putting a snorkel in my mouth. I highly recommend checking out a Discover Scuba Dive from your local dive shop. If you already sn... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7adfym",
"comment_text": [
"I have not scuba dove(?), but I've snorkeled a few times and I'd imagine the breathing is similar. ",
"In the first minute or two, it's really weird. Unsettling, kinda. But once you get used to it, you don't even notice any more."
],
"score": 0
} | |
ELI5: Why do temperatures in houses feel so different? | explainlikeimfive | xpfs8k | 13 | R2 (Narrow/Personal) | true | false | 0.65 | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3j5e1",
"comment_text": [
"Humidity might be different, if you’re in direct sun light it’s typically 10 degrees warmer than the air temperature, how much is the air moving? Could be a lot of factors."
],
"score": 29
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3k0cq",
"comment_text": [
"Humidity is a large factor. Your body cools itself by evaporation of sweat even when you don't realize it, so evaporation is faster in lower humidity making you feel colder. Heat from sunlight, its cooler in the shade, but it's the same air temp that's not in ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3ktqu",
"comment_text": [
"Well for starters when we're outdoors we tend to be ",
" more. We're on our way somewhere, playing a sport, taking a hike, walking the dog, etc. Sit around outdoors like you would on your couch at 63 degrees without a campfire or a sleeping bag and it's gonna... | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3mlg6",
"comment_text": [
"I am pretty sure there is a psychological component to it where we have different expectations while we are indoors. ",
"I am the same way, and I assume everyone is."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_iq3s68e",
"comment_text": [
"For me a big difference is infrared. The same temperature inside feels very different with either sunshine or clouds on the outer wall. ",
"The sky is actually pretty cold in infrared, colder than your ceiling with clouds as they are high and air temperature ... | |
ELI5 - 13th amendment; Could you have an auction selling off convicted criminals? | explainlikeimfive | uhyyfv | 1 | R2 (Legal) | true | false | 0.57 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i798jdb",
"comment_text": [
"The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. At the very least, it'd be regarded as very unusual punishment to be sentenced to being sold to Bob to work in his back yard for life."
],
"score": 6
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i798jg4",
"comment_text": [
"There are practical considerations here. We use life sentences as a way of keeping criminals ",
" the street. It would be counterproductive to then put them right back on the street to do your yard work without supervision."
],
"score": 3
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i799dm5",
"comment_text": [
"Honestly? Probably because it's too much work for the government to check in with you to make sure that you're both treating Bob the convict humanely AND that you're keeping him securely. It doesn't help that the kind of person who wants to buy another person for... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i79a7i8",
"comment_text": [
"Because the government has a monopoly on violence. Note that I use the term “violence” to include things like imprisonment and forced labor. The government, and only the government, can legally execute you, imprison you and take away certain freedoms from you (e.... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i799ikq",
"comment_text": [
"Among other things, there are a lot of laws regarding how prisoners are kept, both for their sake and for the sake of everyone else. The infrastructure requirements you'd have to contend with to keep a murderer on site would be prohibitively expensive, especially... | |
ELI5: American football rules. | explainlikeimfive | uhqoa8 | 1 | R2 (Whole topic) | true | false | 0.67 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77or0z",
"comment_text": [
"When your team has the ball you have 4 tries to move ten yards forward. If you get past ten yards you get another 4 tries. If you don't make it the other team gets the ball at the spot your last play ended. Because of this most teams will kick the ball after the ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77ozav",
"comment_text": [
"In football, one teams has constant possession. To maintain possession, they have to advantage 10 yards down the field in four attempts. If they fail to gain those 10 yards, the other teams gains possession of the ball. These attempts are called downs.",
"On ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77p4i4",
"comment_text": [
"Two teams line up opposite an imaginary line on the field (line of scrimmage). The offense has 4 attempts to move the ball 10 yards down the field (4 downs). If they fail to do so, the other team takes over possession of the ball. A punt is a kick that sends the ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77oobs",
"comment_text": [
"At a high level, the team on offense has 4 “down” (basically attempts) to progress 10 yards. If they do they get to keep the ball and get 4 more down to go another 10 yards. If you don’t make it the other team gets the ball and is now of offense. If you get to yo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77oqz8",
"comment_text": [
"Punt - Offense (team with ball) kicks ball back to Defense (team without ball), because they don’t think they can gain enough yards to not turn the ball over on downs. \nDowns - There are 4 downs to try and gain 10 yards. If they don’t gain 10 positive yards (to... | |
ELI5: is every function of the universe derived from the fundamental forces? | explainlikeimfive | uhowqp | 2 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.76 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77fkz0",
"comment_text": [
"We don't know. But nearly everything at a human interaction level involve the four known fundamental forces. ",
"One big unknown is the expansion of the universe. There isn't yet a consensus on what drives that apparent expansion.",
"Inertia is a resistan... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77glxm",
"comment_text": [
"Read what I wrote - carefully...."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77gxxo",
"comment_text": [
"Mb, said that wrong",
"Aren't the things that make up protons and neutrons made up of even smaller particles? What's the most basic thing we know of? How do we know if they aren't made up of even smaller things?"
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77i1sk",
"comment_text": [
"As far as we know. No. Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks which we believe are fundamental (ie not made out other stuff). Still that is the limit of our knowledge not necessarily an absolute truth."
],
"score": 1
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i77g92t",
"comment_text": [
"But...aren't protons and neutrons made up of smaller particles technically"
],
"score": 0
} | |
ELI5: If I could leave the Earth’s atmosphere and hover above it for 12 hours before returning straight back down, would I end up on the opposite side of the planet? | explainlikeimfive | uhhh1q | 6 | R2 (Hypothetical) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75xu0a",
"comment_text": [
"Yup. ",
"If you could fly perfectly straight up, cancelling out your rotational velocity, and above the atmosphere so the air didn’t keep pushing you along. Then yes you could watch the earth rotate underneath you and you’d come black down on the other side a... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75y9p4",
"comment_text": [
"You can do it, but it would take continuous effort to stay there. Remember that gravity doesn't stop in space, and objects in orbit are actually constantly falling back down...they're just moving ",
" so fast that they keep missing the ground. To \"hover\" yo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75zqui",
"comment_text": [
"When you fly straight up your are still travelling at the same rotational speed that you were on earth. To \"hover\" as you put it you would need to spend even more energy accelerating against the rotation of esrth to burn off this excess speed."
],
"score": ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75yhym",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, in the extremely theoretical hypothesis of you flying straight up AND cancelling your angular momentum the earth would rotate underneath you and you would end up in the opposite side"
],
"score": 4
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i763ble",
"comment_text": [
"The Earth rotates \"to the opposite\" only if you're at the equator. For example, if you start hovering from New York in the United States, you'll see the northern hemisphere rotate beneath you, and end up somewhere above Russia not somewhere above Australia."
... | |
ELI5- how is it possible to have more debt than money in circulation? | explainlikeimfive | uhe585 | 7 | R7 (Search First) | true | false | 1 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75cbaa",
"comment_text": [
"If I have $100 and lend it to you we get $100 in debt and $100 in money,",
"But if you then lend the $100 to someone else you get another $100 debt. So no we have $200 in debt and only $100 in money.",
"I am not saying this is the only that is can happen ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75fabq",
"comment_text": [
"Additionally i can give you $100 on the condition you return me $110, so that makes $110 in debt for only $100 changing hands."
],
"score": 5
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75chwy",
"comment_text": [
"It works on the idea that people are happy to keep their money in the bank. In the old days they'd write cheques to other people and businesses when they had to spend money. This meant that they didn't need to actually get out the money. Today there's electron... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75dnd5",
"comment_text": [
"To explain it as simply as I can, not all debts are going to be called in at once, in fact - the public demand for currency actually varies seasonably and in quite predictable patterns, thus a bank or financial institution only needs to maintain a certain percent... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75hafm",
"comment_text": [
"Well aware, but if you're asking for something to be explained as if you were a 5 year old, then a 40 page economics document probably isn't what you were looking for, I included it for some further context, in part because I didn't really feel like I explained i... | |
ELI5: How do animals understand that they need to drink water? As opposed to urine or muddy puddles? | explainlikeimfive | uhe9g8 | 0 | R2 (Subjective/Speculative) | true | false | 0.5 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75cvpr",
"comment_text": [
"Well, they have a sense of smell and taste. Urine would most likely taste bad. Bad taste and smell can mean it's bad for you so they instinctively won't drink something that tastes and smells bad. This can also apply to dirty water.",
"The exact same reason... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75en3x",
"comment_text": [
"To add to that, taste and smell preferences evolved largely to help us identify good and bad food and water."
],
"score": 7
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75d55q",
"comment_text": [
"A lot of it is taught by their parents. Hand-reared kittens need to be taught to drink water from a bowl at a certain point as opposed to kittens who follow mum and copy what she does. It would also be smells and taste that would warn them off from eating/drinkin... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75i79h",
"comment_text": [
"It’s common to “dunk” baby chicks in the water after they hatch so they learn to drink it. Some will die of thirst if not."
],
"score": 2
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75dweb",
"comment_text": [
"Imagine you were really thirsty and there were 3 things in front of you: a puddle of urine, a puddle of mud, and a stream of water. You walk up to each of them and give them a smell. Which one do you choose to quench your thirst?"
],
"score": 2
} | |
Eli5 why hasn’t the left given the right a taste of their own medicine? | explainlikeimfive | uhcyt3 | 0 | R6 (Loaded/False Premise) | true | false | 0.17 | {
"comment_id": "t1_i758hq6",
"comment_text": [
"Unfortunately- We care about them, even when presented with clear evidence they have no care for us. There might be a million sub plots under this statement but I think this covers it with few words."
],
"score": 7
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_i755zgx",
"comment_text": [
"(most of) the left still believes, rightly or wrongly, that you can talk someone out of bigotry and conspiratorial thinking by presenting them with facts or appealing to their humanity, and that you can stop creeping fascism by voting for the less awful candidate... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i756wdp",
"comment_text": [
"As an aside: this position genuinely baffles me. When your choice is between awful and less awful, why on earth would you regret choosing less awful? You can't make a choice (presumably somebody better than \"less awful\") that isn't open to you."
],
"score":... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i75643r",
"comment_text": [
"Right wing dissent doesn't threaten established power structures & status quo. Left wing dissent does.",
"Therefore it is harder to 'get away' with left wing dissent because the state apparatus such as police & courts are designed to preserve the status quo, ... | {
"comment_id": "t1_i7558iq",
"comment_text": [
"Most scientists are on the left. Consequently, there aren’t many medicines out there developed specifically by right-leaning groups."
],
"score": 4
} | |
ELI5: Why can't we dispose of trash from landfills in volcanoes? | explainlikeimfive | gggtsq | 148 | Geology | true | false | 0.88 | {
"comment_id": "t1_fq0teu1",
"comment_text": [
"Seventhly, most active volcanoes are already claimed as super villain lairs, so there would be a lot of paperwork involved."
],
"score": 447
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_fq0rr8v",
"comment_text": [
"Well first off most volcanos are just craters in the ground. There's no lava pit. That's quite rare. ",
"Secondly, yes, burning things, particularly plastic things, releases things like carcinogens and greenhouse gases, which is why we already don't incinerat... | {
"comment_id": "t1_fq0x8q4",
"comment_text": [
"Damn they didn't sell before the crash? Truly evil"
],
"score": 41
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_fq0riew",
"comment_text": [
"Yes, burning garbage isn't a good idea (edit: as a few folks pointed out if you have a system to clean the emissions that's a different story) or we'd just burn our garbage here without a volcano. It releases all kinds of terrible gasses when you do so. Plus a vo... | {
"comment_id": "t1_fq0rpmh",
"comment_text": [
"Lava despite being liquid is very very dense, so trash would just float on top. And burn which would be bad. Imagine having a bowl of Nutella and throw inside some water. The water would just float above the Nutella and you would be left with a ruined bowl of a m... | |
ELI5: Why do we use 360 degrees? | explainlikeimfive | kjnjv9 | 8 | Does Not Belong Here | true | false | 0.73 | {
"comment_id": "t1_ggxovt6",
"comment_text": [
"This is derived from Babylonian sexagesimal system. ",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics",
"This has had advantages in advancing their mathematics by making some calculations simpler."
],
"score": 15
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ggxol60",
"comment_text": [
"Because ancient astronomers believed there were 360 days in a year. They had a basic idea that the earth followed a circular path (now we know it's an elipse). So they used each day to signify a degree."
],
"score": 10
} | {
"comment_id": "t1_ggxrsxx",
"comment_text": [
"Well, the reason is because 360 is a very easily divisible number. What I mean by that is that there are many ways to divide 360 into whole number divisions: you've got 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, etc.. That's a disappointing answer because that's why you suggested 720. 72... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ggxou48",
"comment_text": [
"There are such things as highly composite numbers. They are numbers that have more factors than any number smaller than them. Idk from memory if 360 is highly composite but it does have a lot of factors. That’s one reason it’s good to use, it can be split into 1,... | {
"comment_id": "t1_ggxrriv",
"comment_text": [
"This comes from the Babelonian number system. Like we use base 10 today they used base 60. This made more sense for accounting purpuses as it is much easier to divide 60 then 10. Although we do not have much of their mathematical work we think they might have use... |
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