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2,869,038,153,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} Let $V(n)$ be the set of all positive divisors of a positive integer $n$ as defined in~(\ref{e01}). For instance, $V(20) = \{1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20\}$. The partial order called the {\em divides} relation, $a$ divides $b$ denoted $a|b$, is applied to $V(n)$ and yields two types of...
2,869,038,153,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is at the core of our understanding of gravitation and is among the most important postulates of modern physics. It is under constant scrutiny since a violation of any of its pillars would lead to new physics beyond general relativity (GR) a...
2,869,038,153,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Black holes are believed to play a key role in a number of highly energetic astrophysical phenomena, from active galactic nuclei to gamma-ray bursts to ultraluminous X-ray binaries. The extraordinary amounts of energy released during such events may have two different origins. It can be the g...
2,869,038,153,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article we show that the adele class space\footnote{More specifically the sector ${\mathbb Q}^\times\backslash{\mathbb A}_{\mathbb Q}/\hat{\mathbb Z}^*$ corresponding to the trivial Grossencharacter.} of ${\mathbb Q}$ admits a natural structure of tropical curve. We follow the strategy o...
2,869,038,153,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Flow states that remain exactly the same under some transformation can enrich our understanding of the basic physical mechanisms behind the flow phenomena we observe. Such solutions are known variously as invariant solutions, recurrent flows or exact coherent structures, and i...
2,869,038,153,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The symmetric group $S_n$ may be viewed as the subgroup of the general linear group $GL_n(\mathbb{C})$ consisting of permutation matrices. We may therefore consider the restriction to $S_n$ of irreducible $GL_n(\mathbb{C})$ representations. Let $S^\lambda$ denote the irreducible represe...
2,869,038,153,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-\parskip} Bulges of early-type spirals and elliptical galaxies comprise primarily old low-mass stars, which account for more than half of the total stellar mass in the local Universe (Fukugita, Hogan, \& Peebles 1998). These stars collectively generate a long-lasting feedback via mass in...
2,869,038,153,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The cycle 4 {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} Legacy project ``The Gould Belt: Star Formation in the Solar Neighborhood'' (PID: 30574; PI: L.E. Allen) completed the {\it Spitzer} survey of the large, nearby star-forming regions begun by the c2d Legacy Project \citep{Evans2003, Evans...
2,869,038,153,736
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1} \topmargin -0.6cm \oddsidemargin=-0.75cm \hsize=16.8cm \setlength{\textheight}{247mm} \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} \def\mbox{e}{\mbox{e}} \def{\rm sgn}{{\rm sgn}} \def\raise0.3ex\hbox{$\;>$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim\;$}}{\; \raise0.3ex\hb...
2,869,038,153,737
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Starting with the seminal works \cite{Beil} and \cite{BGG} on derived categories of coherent sheaves on projective spaces the techniques involving derived categories have been applied to a variety of problems in algebraic geometry. Among recent examples one could mention the relation between s...
2,869,038,153,738
arxiv
\section{Megaverse: technical details} \subsection{Interface} Megaverse platform provides a vectorized version of the OpenAI Gym interface \citeappendix{gym} for interacting with the environments. This is a natural extension of the standard Gym interface for parallel simulators: since a single Megaverse instance...
2,869,038,153,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models with vector bosons and scalars in a hidden sector naturally arise in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model as well as in superstring phenomenological studies. They have also cosmological implications concerning gravitational wave production and dark matter abundance (see \c...
2,869,038,153,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given an initial quantum state $\rho$, that may be either a pure state or a density matrix, and assuming factorizability of the total Hilbert space to which it belongs, $\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_{A}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{B}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{C}\otimes\dots$, we first define the reduced density matr...
2,869,038,153,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over the algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Specially the base field is the complex numbers in considering the classification of surfaces. A smooth irreducible algebraic variety $V$ in $\mathbb P^r$ is said to be projectively normal if the natural morphisms $H^0(\mathbb P...
2,869,038,153,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Clusters are natural laboratories to study the effects of environment on the evolution of galaxies \citep{dressler80}. A plethora of evidence shows that the properties of late-type galaxies depend strongly on environment: besides the well known morphology-density relation \citep{dressler80,wh...
2,869,038,153,743
arxiv
\section{\hrulefill\Large\textbf{~#1~}\hrulefill}\label{sec:#1}} \newcommand{\grayst}[1]{\textcolor{mygray}{\st{#1}}} \newcommand{\example}[1]{\noindent\begin{quote}\small #1\end{quote}} \NewDocumentCommand{\evalat}{sO{\big}mm}{% \IfBooleanTF{#1} {\mleft. #3 \mright|_{#4}} {#3#2|_{#4}}% } \title{Supervised l...
2,869,038,153,744
arxiv
\section*{Abstract}} This paper aims to help structure the risk landscape associated with large-scale Language Models (LMs). In order to foster advances in responsible innovation, an in-depth understanding of the potential risks posed by these models is needed. A wide range of established and anticipated risks are anal...
2,869,038,153,745
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Planets with masses lower than approximately $50 M_\oplus$ (depending on the disk scale height and viscosity) migrate toward the central star under a type I migration regime. Different from linear theories, planet formation simulations generally require the rate of type I migration to be reduced ...
2,869,038,153,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $p$ a fixed odd prime number. We write $\mathbb{Q}_\mathrm{cyc}$ for the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ and let $\Gamma$ denote the Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}_\mathrm{cyc}/\mathbb{Q})$. The Iwasawa algebra $\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma]]$ is defi...
2,869,038,153,747
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} To show that each of our embedded 2-tori admits an analytic foliation, with closed leaves, that is everywhere transverse to the (nowhere vanishing) flow field \textit{X} it would suffice to prove that it always admits a closed, analytic one-form \(\lambda\) with integral periods such that \(\lambda ...
2,869,038,153,748
arxiv
\section{Proof of the First Zonklar Equation} \ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc \section*{Acknowledgments} \else \section*{Acknowledgment} \fi We would like to thank external experts for participating in our interviews and giving us invaluable feedback. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their detailed reviews a...
2,869,038,153,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Astrophysical shocks are often considered to be associated with the most energetic events in the universe. After the death of massive stars, destruction of WDs, or mergers of compact objects, shocks are expected to be launched into the ambient medium \citep{chevalier82,Matzner...
2,869,038,153,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The transverse Ising model with random exchange interactions is a simple interesting quantum spin model. Many researchers of information, mathematics and physics have been studied this model extensively, since D-Wave Systems actually devised and produced a quantum annealer based on this mod...
2,869,038,153,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Constraints on the nature and properties of dark energy can be obtained from an accurate description of the Universe's expansion history. Such a description can be provided by standard rulers: objects or properties of known size for which we can easily retrieve the distance-redshift relation \ci...
2,869,038,153,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stars are tidally disrupted in galactic nuclei when orbital perturbations reduce their angular momentum and place them on nearly radial orbits. Once the stellar pericenter is reduced below a critical value, a strong tidal encounter with the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) destroys it on ...
2,869,038,153,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum phase transition (QPT), which is closely associated with the fundamental changes that can occur in the macroscopic nature of matter at zero temperature due to small variations in a given external parameter, is certainly one of the major interests in condensed matter physics. Actually, th...
2,869,038,153,754
arxiv
\chapter{\bf Abstract} The focus of this thesis is on (1) the role of Ka\v c-Moody algebras in string theory and the development of techniques for systematically building string theory models based on higher level ($K\geq 2$) KM algebras and (2) fractional superstrings, a new class of solutions based on $SU(2)_K/U(1...
2,869,038,153,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-1mm} Recently, the machine learning research community has devoted considerable efforts and financial outlay to scaling deep neural networks (DNNs) to enormous sizes ($175$ billion parameter-counts in GPT-3~\citep{brown2020language}). Although such overparameterization simplifies the tra...
2,869,038,153,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of a measurement is to determine the value of a physical quantity. One often speaks of the {\it true value}, an idealized concept achieved by an infinitely precise and accurate measurement, i.e. immune from errors. In practice the result of a measurement is expressed in terms of the ...
2,869,038,153,757
arxiv
\section{introduction} Let $\triangle A_{1}A_{2}A_{3}$ be a geodesic triangle on a $C^{2}$ complete surface $M.$ We denote by $w_{i}$ a positive real number (weight), which corresponds to each vertex $A_{i},$ by $l_{A_{i}}(F)$, the geodesic distance from the vertex $A_{i},$ to the point $F,$ for $i=1,2,3.$ The w...
2,869,038,153,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent decades, general theories of phase transitions and critical phenomena have been developed, unifying our understanding of equilibrium phase transitions in liquid-vapor, magnetic, liquid crystals and other systems. By contrast, the study of nonequilibrium critical phenomena is still in ...
2,869,038,153,759
arxiv
\section{Completing the path-coloring} Let $S$ denote a set of strange $2$-cycles of $C_1$. We show that there exist so called {\bf \em exchange sets} $E_1$ and $F_1$ with the following properties. \begin{lemma} There exist sets $E_1, F_1 \subset E$ and an assignment $f: E_1 \rightarrow F_1$ satisfying the followin...
2,869,038,153,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong interaction, requires a non-perturbative approach at the hadronic energy. The various form factors that can be extracted through the QCD factorization of the cross-section of physical processes give access to properties describing the structu...
2,869,038,153,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy clusters are the most massive collapsed objects in the Universe. Their total mass is dominated by the dark matter ($\sim80\%$) that shapes deep potential wells where the baryons ($\sim20\%$) virialize. The majority of the baryonic matter in clusters is in the form of intra-cluster medium ...
2,869,038,153,762
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In counting complexity we explore the computational complexity of functions that count the number of solutions of a decision problem. In general, the counting versions of problems are computationally more difficult than their decision versions. For example, given a DNF formula, it is easy to dete...
2,869,038,153,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The studies on photon scattering play an important role in quantum optics. Various significant phenomena in quantum optics are related to scattering, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and resonance fluorescence~\cite{r1,master}. Photon scattering for...
2,869,038,153,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this concept paper authors aim to focus on the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic and present a multidisciplinary and quantitative approach to respond to the sanitary and economical crisis. The proposed model is named AIRSENSE-TO-ACT, and is the description of a project submitted to t...
2,869,038,153,765
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Grover's iterative quantum search algorithm \cite{grov} can be used in such problems as cryptography, AI, pattern matching, database search, and is the most efficient quantum search algorithm till date. Its algorithmic complexity is $O(\sqrt{N})$, where $N$ is the size of the search space. Grove...
2,869,038,153,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} FPGAs are being introduced into the cloud and data center platforms for increased performance, computation, and parallelism benefits over existing accelerators such as GPUs. Technology has increased the demand for high-speed cloud computation over the last few years. Commercial and public cloud ...
2,869,038,153,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multitype populations are naturally modeled as measure-valued processes. In this paper we consider a class of multilevel measure-valued processes which model ensembles of subpopulations with mutation and selection at the subpopulation level and possible death and replacement of subpopulat...
2,869,038,153,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since Hawking proved that a black hole can radiate thermally \cite{SWH}, many papers have appeared to deeply discuss the quantum radiation of black holes via different methods \cite{TGJ}. Recently, Wilczek and his collaborators have proposed two universal methods to correctly recover Hawking rad...
2,869,038,153,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $b\in L^\infty(I\times \R^d ; \R^d)$ denote a time-dependent vector field on $\R^d$, where $I=(0,T)$, $T>0$, $d\in \mathbb N$. Consider the Cauchy problem for the continuity equation \begin{equation}\label{Cauchy-problem} \left\{ \begin{aligned} &\partial_t u + \mathop{\mathrm{div}_x} (u b) ...
2,869,038,153,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is one of the cornerstones of modern statistical physics. Roughly speaking, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem states that for dynamical systems at statistical equilibrium the average response to small external perturbations can be calculated through th...
2,869,038,153,771
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material} Here we give the proofs of Theorems~1 through 5 of the main manuscript, and also elaborate on the MUS of (23). (We preserve the numbering of the equations and theorems in the main manuscript, and add a prefix ``S" to such objects appearing in this supplemental material.) Let us first st...
2,869,038,153,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Plasmas can sustain accelerating fields on the order of $\mathrm{TeV/m}$ \cite{Malka_science_2002}, which makes them an exellent candidate for building small-scale accelerators \cite{Dawson}. Multiple laboraties around the world have obtained reproducible, quasi-monoenergetic electron beams i...
2,869,038,153,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} The current conceptual model of mineral dissolution in porous media is based on three 'dissolution regimes' that assist flow and transport prediction during dissolution\cite{1998-Fredd,2002-Golfier,1986-Chadam}. Accurate identification of these regimes is essential as the dissolutio...
2,869,038,153,774
arxiv
\section{Experiments\label{experiments}} To empirically demonstrate the utility of \textbf{FACE} we present results of its execution on two distinct data sets. First, we show the behaviour of our algorithm on a toy data set and compare the three graph construction approaches introduced in Section~\ref{methods}. Follow...
2,869,038,153,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Determining the physical properties of dense cores of interstellar molecular clouds is of fundamental importance in the field of star formation research. A powerful method for this purpose is to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source from observational data obtained at ...
2,869,038,153,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum mechanics, the formulation of quantum system states and quantum observables \cite{Dirac,Schrod,Landau,Neumann} uses the notion of state vectors $|\psi\rangle$ in the Hilbert space, the state density operators acting in the Hilbert space and quantum observables are identified with the ...
2,869,038,153,777
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction, Definitions and Preliminaries} Throughout this paper, we refer to \cite{GasparRahman} for definitions and notations. We also suppose that $0<q<1$. For complex numbers $a$, the $q$-shifted factorials are defined by \begin{align} (a;q)_0:=1,\quad (a;q)_{n} =\prod_{k=0}^{n-1} (1-aq^k) ...
2,869,038,153,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} { \itshape The general solution of spherically symmetric self-dual Yang-Mills equations discovered by Lesnov and Saveliev two decades ago has led to extraordinary developments. I met Misha for the first time in 1992 when this work had already proven to be so important for two dimensional conf...
2,869,038,153,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The AdS/CFT correspondence, also known as holographic duality, provides a novel way to study strongly correlated quantum systems in terms of weakly coupled gravity. In particular, it can describe strongly correlated gapped systems in terms of gravity duals. One class of such models at zero dens...
2,869,038,153,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work, we continue to explore the extensions of coherent state transforms to the context of Clifford analysis started in \cite{KMNQ, DG, MNQ, PSS}. In \cite{MNQ}, an extension of the coherent state transform (CST) to unitary maps from the spaces of $L^2$ functions on $M={\mathbb R}^m$ a...
2,869,038,153,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of quickest change detection aims to detect an abrupt change in stochastic processes as soon as possible. This arises in a wide range of applications including quality control engineering \cite{lai1995sequential}, finance \cite{shiryaev2002quickest}, computer security \cite{thottan20...
2,869,038,153,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction}We consider the class $\mathcal{A}$ of all analytic functions defined on the unit disc $\mathbb{D}:=\{z: |z|<1\}$ and normalised by the condition $f(0)=f'(0)-1=0$ as well as its subclass $\mathcal{S}$ consisting of all univalent functions. For any two subclasses $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ of ...
2,869,038,153,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Cosmic shear, the weak gravitational lensing effect imprinted on distant galaxies by the large-scale structure (LSS), is one of the primal science goals for EUCLID and Rubin-LSST. The blueprint for these missions has been set by current stage-3 surveys, including the Kilo-Degree...
2,869,038,153,784
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} We conduct comprehensive studies on adversarial network pruning. The contributions are three-fold: First, we give a new explanation on the connection between robustness and network sparsity, which is supported by much empirical evidence. Second, we demonstrate the efficacy of training network ...
2,869,038,153,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At the electron-proton collider HERA charm quarks are predominantly produced via boson gluon fusion, $\gamma g \rightarrow c \bar{c}$, where the photon is emitted from the incoming lepton and the gluon originates from the proton. The cross section is largest for photoproduction, i.e.~for p...
2,869,038,153,786
arxiv
\chapter{Analyzing the Protocols} \label{chapter:3} Computer networks or simply networks are the main means of information sharing and communication in today's IT infrastructure. Certain protocols are executed to facilitate communication in networks. However, such networks are mostly insecure and the communication need...
2,869,038,153,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-1mm} \label{sec:intro} One of the most challenging issues in particle and nuclear physics is to unravel the origin of baryon forces based on the fundamental theory, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The precise information on nuclear and hyperon forces serve as the key ingredients to ca...
2,869,038,153,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-spherical rigid molecules may show orientationally ordered phases, which are often referred to as liquid crystalline(LC) phases. Among all rigid molecules, (nonpolar) rod-like molecules have attracted most interests. Rod-like molecules have shown several LC phases experimentally, includin...
2,869,038,153,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The large gauge hierarchy between the 4D Planck scale, \begin{equation} \Lambda_P^{(4)} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{8 \pi G_N^{(4)}}} \simeq 2.4 \times 10^{18} \ \mathrm{GeV}, \end{equation} where $G_N^{(4)}$ is the 4D gravitational Newton constant, and the measured Higgs boson mass $m_h \simeq 125 \ \math...
2,869,038,153,790
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and future work} Optimal scaling of the ADMM method for distributed quadratic programming was addressed. In particular, a class of distributed quadratic problems were cast as equality-constrained quadratic problems, to which the scaled ADMM method is applied. For this class of problems, the network...
2,869,038,153,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In a distributed storage system, information pertaining to a data file is dispersed across nodes in a network in such a manner that an end-user~(whom we term as a data-collector, or a DC) can retrieve the data stored by tapping into neighboring nodes. A popular option that redu...
2,869,038,153,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sect: intr}} One of the well-known challenges in unleashing the potential of Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the limitations of energy sources \cite{wong2017key}. In practice, a large number of sensors equipped with limited energy storage create a system performance bottleneck in realizing susta...
2,869,038,153,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \newcommand{\zk}{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{k}}} Let $a$ and $q$ be two positive coprime integers, $0<a<q$. By the Euclidean algorithm, a rational $a/q$ can be uniquely represented as a regular continued fraction \begin{equation}\label{exe} \frac{a}{q}=[0;b_1,\dots,b_s]= \cfrac{1}{b_1...
2,869,038,153,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Circular orbits near rotating black holes is an important issue in astrophysics and are of interest theoretically on their own since they possess a number of nontrivial properties. There are three main types of such orbits -\ the photon orbit, the marginally bound and the marginally stable...
2,869,038,153,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Networks have provided a step change in modelling complex systems ranging from man-made to natural ones \cite{newman2003structure,boccaletti2006complex,pastor2014epidemic}. The study of disease transmission on networks has particularly benefitted from this modelling paradigm by uncovering the...
2,869,038,153,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spins of single dopants in solids are key elements in the development of solid-state quantum-information technologies~\cite{qc_defects,qc_review}. In particular, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centers in diamond are promising quantum processors: single defects can be detected using confocal...
2,869,038,153,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be highly effective general models for a multitude of computer vision problems \citep{krizhevsky2012imagenet,long2015fully,radford2015unsupervised,newell2016stacked}. One such problem is \emph{coordinate regression}, where...
2,869,038,153,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Photons are able to probe any or all stages of a relativistic heavy-ion collision\cite{es80} since their mean free paths are much larger than the transverse size of the hot and dense region and will therefore escape after production without rescattering. Massive photons, or di...
2,869,038,153,799
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments performed and directly detected in fields $<1 \,\mu$G \cite{Bernarding2006,Savukov2005,Ledbetter2008,Tayler2017} promise certain advantages over more conventional forms of NMR: the ability to perform ultra-high resolution spectroscopy without expensiv...
2,869,038,153,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Theoretical investigation of hadron production in heavy-ion collisions at high energies is usually separated into different camps, characterized by the regions of transverse momenta $p_T$ of the produced hadrons. At low $p_T$ statistical hadronization and hydrodynamical models are generally used ...
2,869,038,153,801
arxiv
\section{Application to Galois orbits of Heegner points on modular curves}\label{sec:apps} \subsection{The modular curve $Y_0(N)$} Let $N\geq1$ be an integer and let $S$ be a scheme over $\Spec \mathbb{Z}\left [\frac{1}{N} \right ]$. An enhanced elliptic curve $(E,C)$ over $S$ is an elliptic curve $E$ over $S$ toget...
2,869,038,153,802
arxiv
\section{Applications} \label{sec:applications} We have three motivations for offloading OS kernel tasks to the GPU: \begin{compactitem} \item To reduce the \emph{latency} for tasks that run more quickly on the GPU than on the CPU \item To exploit the GPU's parallelism to increase the \emph{throughput} for ...
2,869,038,153,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Maintenance of physical equipment, machinery, systems and even complete infrastructure represents an essential process for ensuring successful operation. It helps minimizing downtime of technical equipment \citep{Heidergott.2010}, eliminate the risk thereof \citep{Groenevelt.1992}, or prolong th...
2,869,038,153,804
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}} The ability to accurately classify the sentiment of short sentences such as Facebook posts or tweets is essential to natural language understanding. In recent years, more and more users share information about their customer experience on social media pages related to (and managed by)...
2,869,038,153,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models in which conformal matter of central charge $c$ is coupled to 2d quantum gravity have attracted considerable interest. Much progress has been made for the case $c \le 1$, using both continuum and discrete approaches. The former has yielded the KPZ formulae~\cite{KPZ,Dav1,DK}, which give as...
2,869,038,153,806
arxiv
\section{A good news: a brief paper without answers} \begin{enumerate} \item Quantum theory describe physical reality? \item Wavefunction is only a mathematical expression for evaluating probabilities? \item The wavefunction is not an objective entity? \item The time dependence of the wavefunction does not represent t...
2,869,038,153,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In a~systematic study of low-energy states of polymers adsorbed to a~stringlike substrate, we recently found a~variety of different conformational phases by just changing two basic substrate properties~\cite{tv10prl}. Among these structures are spherical droplets attached to the st...
2,869,038,153,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Collider experiments at the TeV scale, in particular the LHC experiments, are expected to shed light on the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and to open up new horizons concerning our understanding of elementary particle interactions. In order to achieve these goals, expected sig...
2,869,038,153,809
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \def\nappendix#1{\vskip 1cm\no{\bf Appendix #1} \def#1{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{#1.\arabic{equation}} \textwidth = 16truecm \textheight = 24truecm \begin{document} \hoffset = -1truecm \voffset = -2truecm \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{flushr...
2,869,038,153,810
arxiv
\subsection{Irrelevance of short ranged interactions at QCP}\vskip-.25cm The imaginary-time action describing spinless fermion with short ranged interaction at the QCP ($\mu=0$) takes the form \begin{align} S=\int d\tau\int dx \left\{ \bar{\psi} \left( \partial_\tau - {\hbar^2\over 2m} \partial^2_x \right) \psi + ...
2,869,038,153,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Censoring and endogeneity are common problems in data analysis. For example, income survey data are often top-coded and many economic variables such as hours worked, wages and expenditure shares are naturally bounded from below by zero. Endogeneity is also an ubiquitous phenomenon both in experi...
2,869,038,153,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A leading approach to quantum information processing is via linear-optical quantum computing (LOQC), first proposed in 2001 by Knill, Laflamme and Milburn \cite{KLM}. Major progress has been made both on the theoretical and experimental fronts towards implementation of LOQC. Modifications have...
2,869,038,153,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We consider the following composite linear ill-posed operator equation~$A x = y$ with \begin{equation} \label{eq:opeq} \begin{CD} A:\; @. X @> D >> Z @> B>> Y \end{CD} \end{equation} where $A=B \circ \E: X \to Y$ denotes the compact linear operator with infin...
2,869,038,153,814
arxiv
\section{introduction} \label{sec:intro} Correlated Dirac semimetals are one of the most fundamental systems not only in condensed matter physics but also in high energy physics. They exhibit semimetal-insulator transitions at some critical strength of interactions $V=V_c>0$ at zero temperature, and magnetic/charge or...
2,869,038,153,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has become clear by now that the standard Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory used to describe and understand the electrostatic interactions in colloidal systems has severe limitations and can sometimes give qualitatively unreliable if not outright wrong answers \cite{Naji2010}. There are several...
2,869,038,153,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interplay between correlated electron physics and topology offers tantalizing new functionality where emergent phenomena from many-body interactions are protected at elevated temperatures and energy scales \cite{WKrempa2014,Rau2016,Tokura2017,Keimer2017}. Theoretical investigations into the k...
2,869,038,153,817
arxiv
\section{Basics} \label{sec-basics} \noindent \emph{Finite automata.} We consider languages over a fixed finite alphabet $A=\{a,b,\ldots\}$ and finite automata (NFAs) of the form $\mathcal{A}=(Q,A,{\cdot},I,F)$ where ``$\cdot$'' denotes the transition function. For $p\in Q$ and $a\in A$, $p\concatdot a$ is a s...
2,869,038,153,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose you are shown a small, unfamiliar object and asked if it could fit through an M-shaped slot. How might you solve this task? One approach would be to ``rotate" the object in your mind's eye and see if, from some particular angle, the object's profile fits into an M. To put the object th...
2,869,038,153,819
arxiv
\section{Impact of heavy resonances on the low-energy electroweak effective theory} So far the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has not found any trace of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) states with masses below 1~TeV. Likewise, no significant deviation has been observed in the low-energy interactions between Standard Mode...
2,869,038,153,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SecIntro} It is now widely agreed that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the most luminous satellite of the Milky Way (MW), is at a particular stage of its orbit. Its large Galactocentric velocity ($\sim 328$ km/s) is dominated by the tangential component ($\sim 320$ km/s) and is much hig...
2,869,038,153,821
arxiv
\section{Motivation and Introduction} Many biomedical and clinical trials are planned as factorial designs. Here, not only the (main) effects of separate factors but also interaction effects that are related to possibly complex factor combinations are of importance. Such interaction effects may even alter the interpre...
2,869,038,153,822
arxiv
\section{Affine equivalence of $\M mn$ and $\M nm$}\label{sec:affine} In this section we explicitly describe the affine equivalence between the dual \bm surfaces $\M mn$ and $\M nm$ (see Theorem \ref{thm:Hooper}) that we will use to characterize cutting sequences. As usual, we first describe it through the concrete e...
2,869,038,153,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1}
2,869,038,153,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} \subsection{Introduction} In this paper, we describe a simple fast algorithm for evaluating expressions of the form \begin{equation} \label{eq1} u_j = \sum_{i=1, i \not = j}^n \frac{\alpha_i}{x_i - x_j}, \quad \text{for} \quad j = 1,\ldots,n, \end{equation} where $\alpha_...
2,869,038,153,825
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} The penetration power of x-rays allows one to image large objects while their short wavelength allows for high spatial resolution. As a result, with synchrotron sources one has the potential to obtain tomographic images of centimeter-sized specimens with sub-micrometer pixel sizes. H...
2,869,038,153,826
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} We wish to thank H.R Christiansen for a critical reading of the manuscript. The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\'\i fico e tecnol\'ogico-CNPq is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. \section*{Dedicatory} R. R. Landim - This paper is dedicated to the memory of my wife, Isa...
2,869,038,153,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blue stragglers (BSs) are an important population component in stellar evolution as well as in star clusters. These objects have remained on the main sequence for a time exceeding that expected from standard stellar evolution theory, and they may affect the integrated spectra of their host cluste...